CPCRI Digital Repository
DSpace is a digital service that collects, preserves, and distributes digital material. Repositories are important tools for preserving an organization's legacy; they facilitate digital preservation and scholarly communication
Recent Submissions
Reference genes for expression studies in different developmental stages of Oryctes rhinoceros, the coconut rhinoceros beetle
(2023) Kumar Arvind; Ginny Antony; Rajesh, M.K.; Josephrajkumar, A.; Tony Grace
Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), is a primary pest of coconut in South and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. The beetle has the potential to severely affect the economies of local communities, many of whom are marginal and small farmers who rely on coconut as the main source of livelihood. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) based targeted gene expression analysis has emerged as a powerful tool due to its sensitivity and reproducibility. However, calculating the relative expression of target genes requires normalization with reference genes across specific experimental conditions. To identify suitable reference gene(s) possessing stability, we selected six prospective genes (viz., NADH, ACTIN, EF1A, RPL3, SDHA, and ARF6) and evaluated them for their potential use as reference gene(s) across different developmental stages of O. rhinoceros. A comprehensive approach based on five statistical models viz., GeNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder, RefFinder and the ΔCt value, was utilized, and based on the obtained stability values of candidate genes, a consensus ranking was generated. The expression levels of NADH, EF1A and RPL3 were observed to be the most stable across the developmental stages with significant statistical reliability. Further, this study identified NADH/EF1A as the most reliable reference gene combination which could provide robust normalization of RT-qPCR data in gene expression studies in O. rhinoceros. This is the first report identifying the suitable reference genes for normalizing gene expression in O. rhinoceros across different developmental stages, facilitating future elucidation of gene expressions in this species.
Elemental Composition of Betel Leaves Using a Novel Optical Spectroscopic Technique
(2023) Kripa Adlene Edith A; Ravikiran Ongole; Unnikrishnan V. K; Adarsh U. K; Nagaraja, N.R.
Objective: Assess trace elements in betel leaves and slaked lime from different regions of Karnataka, India using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Materials and Method: Betel leaves from six different regions of Karnataka were obtained and named (for the purpose of the study) BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4, BL5, and BL6 and they were sun-dried. A single tube of slaked lime was obtained from the local ‘paan’ shop. Each dried leaf and a single blob of slaked lime was subjected to elemental analysis using Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Results: A ten-trial experiment was carried out in all six leaves and a blob of the slaked lime. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database was used to assess the emission lines. The elements that were predominantly present in all six betel leaves from different regions of Karnataka are calcium, copper, and iron. Slaked lime showed only the presence of calcium. Conclusion: It is widely accepted that the consumption of betel quid causes various changes in the oral mucosa including oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer. It is important to analyze each component of betel quid to understand the disease progression. Copper is found to be relatively higher in betel leaves, and it is known that copper-induced fibrogenesis via the lysyl oxidase pathway in oral submucous fibrosis.
Flow Cytometric Based Estimation of Genome Size in Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) Varieties
(2023) Kavyashree; Sowmyashree Sharma; Nagaraja, N.R.; N. Ranjini; Niral, V.; Beeranthadka Rajesh
The present work was undertaken with the objective to estimate the nuclear DNA content in arecanut varieties using flow cytometry. Released varieties of arecanut maintained in the field gene bank at ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI), Regional Station, Vittal, Karnataka, were used for the estimation of DNA content by using BD AccuriC6 flow cytometer. Nuclei isolated from leaves of Pisum sativum cv. Citrad of known genome size was used as an external reference standard. Significant differences were observed between the arecanut varieties for 2C DNA content. Among the arecanut varieties, 2C DNA content (genome size) was found to be ranging from 6.025 (2.946 Gb/1C) to 6.710 pg (3.281 Gb/1C), with mean value of 6.472 pg (3.164 Gb/1C). The highest DNA content was recorded in the variety Swarnamangala (6.710 pg/2C or 3.281 Gb/1C), followed by Sumangala (6.695 pg/2C or 3.273 Gb/1C) and Shatamangala (6.623 pg/2C or 3.238 Gb/1C), while the lowest DNA content of 6.025 pg/2C or 2.946 Gb/1C was recorded in the variety Sreemangala. The results of this study indicate the potential of using flow cytometry for studying genome size diversity in arecanut.
Genetic diversity of Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Andaman Padauk) accessions of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(2023) Jaisankar, I.; Augustine Jerard, B.; Manasseh Moses. E; P.Simhachalam
Forty three phenotypically superior accessions of Pterocarpus dalbergioides, identified from different locations of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, were subjected to genetic diversity analysis using 26 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers [12 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 14 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs)]. The percentage of polymorphic bands detected by ISSR and RAPD was 37.04 and 37.62%, respectively. RAPD primers OPN 04 and OPN 08 gave 53% & 63% polymorphism respectively. Among ISSR primers, (GACA)8G gave 100% polymorphism. Clustering pattern of accessions of Pterocarpus dalbergioides remained more or less similar in RAPD and combined data of RAPD and ISSR. Present study confirmed fair extent of genetic variation within the species even though it is exposed to a wide range of environmental conditions across Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
Effect of packaging materials and storage temperature on the physicochemical and microbial properties of ultrasonicated mature coconut water during storage
(2023) Anjitha Jacob; I.P. Sudagar; Pandiselvam, R.; P. Rajkumar; M. Rajaveld
Preservation and shelf life extension of mature coconut water (MCW) is paramount importance for the production of flavored beverages. The present study aims to evaluates the effects of packaging materials (glass bottles, PET bottles and stand-up pouches) and storage temperatures such as atmospheric (28 ±6 ◦C) and cold storage (5 ±1 ◦C) temperatures on microbial growth and quality parameters (pH, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), total sugar, reducing sugar, and non-reducing sugar) of ultrasound treated MCW during storage. The results showed that pH, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugars decreased significantly (p <0.05) during storage, irrespective of packaging materials. It was observed that the microbial load increased significantly (p <0.05) during storage of ultrasonicated samples and control samples. The present study concluded that ultrasonication of MCW at 60% amplitude for 10 min treatment time increased their shelf life up to 12 days under cold storage condition (5 ±2 ◦C) with a safe limit of microbial load and maximum retention of nutrients. Even though all the packaging materials were found to be statistically on par (p >0.05) in maintaining quality parameters and microbial load, glass bottles were observed to be most effective packaging followed by PET bottles and stand-up pouches.