Browsing by Author "Anilkumar, V."

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    Half SIB analysis for physiological traits in cocoa
    (2007-02) Anilkumar, V.; Niral, V.; Balasimha, D.; Ananda, K.S.; Vivek R. Bhat; Parthasarathy, V.A.
    Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plants are sensitive to drqught and hence expansion of cultivation has been hampered due to dry spells of 3-6 months in Southern India. Efforts made to identify drought tolerance characteristics among the cocoa accessions have resulted in identification of five tolerant lines. Four high yielding trees viz., 1-14 (Red axil), 1-21,1-29 (Amel x Na33) and II-67 (Landas 364) were selected as female parents and crossed with drought tolerant pollen parent viz., NC 42/94 (T86/2). The F1 hybrid seedlings were planted in the field for evaluation. Field measurements on physiological parameters were made during stress and non - stress conditions. Twenty two physiological parameters were studied in four cocoa hybrids, namely, 1-14 x NC42/94,1-21 x NC 42/94,1-29 x NC 42/94 and II-67 x NC 42/94. The parameters were analyzed under non - stress and stress conditions. The characters that showed high heritability and genetic advance under stress were sugar, potasium, leaf temperature, internal C02, water potential, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase and acid phosphatase. The heritabilities and genetic advance of the hybrids under non-stress were high for total chlorophyll, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and acid phosphatase indicating that the nature of gene action varies under the control of environment. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations among the traits were also studied.
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    Photosynthetic characteristics and yield in cocoa hybrids
    (Indian Society for Plantation Crops, 2007-02) Balasimha, D.; Anilkumar, V.; Ananda, K.S.
    In cocoa, crossing work involving high yielding and drought tolerant parent trees were undertaken. Nine promising hybrid lines were developed under this programme. These have been planted in the field in a RBD at CPCRI Research Centre, Kidu along with parents. Measurements were made in the field using portable photosynthetic system (Li - 6200), Plant Efficiency Analyzer (Hansatech) and portable pressure chamber for leaf water potential. Photosynthetic parameters were studied in nine hybrids and seven parents with high yield and drought tolerant characteristics. There was variability among the hybrids with respect to photosynthetic characters. Significant differences in these parameters with respect to season were also noted. Drought tolerance was observed among I-21 x NC 42/94 and I-29 x NC 23/43. The results showed that these hybrids retained higher water potential and stomatal regulation comparable to drought tolerant parents. Variability in bean yields among hybrids and parents were noted. High yields were recorded in I-21 x NC 29/66, II-67 x NC 29/66 and II-67 x NC 42/94.
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    Pod and Bean Characteristics of Cocoa Hybrids During Early Years of Bearing
    (1999) Anilkumar, V.; Balasimha, D.; Ananda, K.S.
    Nine cocoa hybrids and seven parents were evaluated for their pod and bean characters during two seasons. Maximum number of beans per pod were noted in the hybrid 1-29 x NC 23/43 (41/pod). Single dry bean weight ranged from 0.610 to 1.066g and the maximum was showed by the cross II-67 xNC 29/66. Likewise pod index ranged from 53.92 to 21.72, and the least value was noted in the cross 11-67 x NC29/66. Quantification of some of the biochemical constituents like total fat, sugars, amino acids and phenolics were also performed. Hybrid 11-67 x NC42/94 has given the highest fat content of 43 per cent. Seasonal and varietal variations were found to be significant for most of the traits studied. The dry bean weight showed considerable decrease during the second season (0.873g to 0.789g). Correlation studies revealed that there exists a positive correlation of ovary weight to single bean weight and pulp percentage showed a negative correlation to the pH of the bean.
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