Browsing by Author "Balasimha, D."
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Item Arecanut(CPCRI, 2004) Balasimha, D.; Rajagopal, V.Item Arecanut(2004) Balasimha, D.; Rajagopal, V.Item Arecanut Based Cropping/Farming Systems(CPCRI, 2011) George V. Thomas; Krishnakumar, V.; Maheswarappa, H.P.; Ravi Bhat; Balasimha, D.Item Assessment of morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics of cocoa accessions from Central and South America in relation to drought tolerance(2013-12) Elain Apshara, S.; Rajesh, M.K.; Balasimha, D.Eleven cocoa accessions, representing collections from five central and south American countries, were assessed for their morphological, molecular and physiological parameters. Growth characters were observed in three year old plants and initial pod yields were recorded. Photosynthesis, related parameters and chlorophyll indices, measured during two seasons, showed significant differences between non-stress and stress periods as well as among the genotypes. The transpirational water loss was reduced with increased stomatal closure, which is a favourable drought trait in crops. The results indicated that the genotypes showing higher water potential and Fv/Fm ratio can be considered as drought tolerant. The rank sums of these parameters showed that genotypes JA-1/19, POU-16/A and SC-4 were the most droughttolerant. Microsatellite markers were used to assess the extent of genetic diversity between clones. The amplification of DNA from the 11 accessions using the 15 microsatellite loci revealed a total of 80 consistent and scorable alleles with an average of 5.33 alleles per locus and all the loci were 100 per cent polymorphic, the most polymorphic locus being mTcCIR33 with 8 alleles. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.36 to 0.63 with an average of 0.52. The inbreeding co-efficient (f) ranged from -0.22 (mTcCIR8) to 0.58 (mTcCIR40) with an average of 0.32. The microsatellite marker analysis revealed that the genotypes possess a wide genetic diversity. The drought tolerant types identified in this study viz., JA-1/19, POU-16/A and SC-4 could be used for cultivation in areas with moisture deficient stress and in selective cocoa breeding programs for drought tolerance.Item Benefits of Drip Fertigation in Arecanut(2006) Ravi Bhat; Sujatha, S.; Balasimha, D.Item Biomass estimation of cocoa plant by regression analysis(2007-02-08) Balasimha, D.; Nair, B.P.Item Calendar for Cocoa(2007-12) Elain Apshara, S.; Balasimha, D.; Venkatesh N. HubballiItem Canopy architecture, photosynthesis and yield of cocoa trees(2007-02-08) Thomas, G.; Balasimha, D.Five different types of canopy architecture viz., unpruned single storey (T1), unpruned double storey (T2), minimum pruning to give cone shape (T3), severe pruning (T4) and flat spreading canopy (Ts) were maintained in cocoa. Due to pruning, the canopy area and number of branches were significantly reduced. A significantly low light interception efficiency with correspondingly high PAR was noted in pruned treatments. Due to this effect, stomalal conductance and transpiration rate increased in T4 and T}, with a reduction in water use efficiency. Net photosynthetic rate did not show any significant treatment effect. Current photoassimilaies were translocated and the stored stem starch was mobilized to sustain the sink demand exerted by intense flushing observed in the pruned treatments. The maximum yield was obtained in T1 and T2. The low yields in T,, T4 and T5 treatments can be attributed to the following reasons: (i) the reduction in i canopy area and number of branches, (ii) carbohydrate exhaustion for flushing and subsequent carbohydrate stress at the ; time of flowering and pod load, (iii) high transpiration rate. It is concluded that cocoa requires a comparatively big and spreading canopy for better yield. Whenever pruning is found necessary, it should be restricted to maintenance pruning towards optimum leaf area index and removal of excessively shaded bottom or interior branches.Item Carbon Sequestration in Plantation Crops(2017) Hebbar, K.B; Balasimha, D.; Naresh Kumar, S.Item Carbon sequestration potential in cocoa plantations(2011) Balasimha, D.Item Challenges and opportunities of plantation crops response to climate change: coconut perspective(2012-01) Hebbar, K.B.; Balasimha, D.; George V. ThomasItem Changes in Chlorophyll fluorescence during cocoa leaf development(2007-02-08) Balasimha, D.; Daniel, E.V.Item Chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange characteristics of cocoa(2007-02-08) Balasimha, D.; Daniel, E.V.The chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthesis (Pn) and related stomatal characters were studied in cocoa trees. There were significant seasonal variations in chlorophyll fluorescence indices and gas exchange characteristics in cocoa. The F0 value was significantly higher in drought susceptible accession type showing that. PS II was affected to a greater extent. However, Fm and Fv were lower in drought tolerant trees as compared to susceptible ones. This was in parallel with lower Pn in tolerant type. Drought tolerant accession had higher stomatal diffusive resistance resulting in decreased transpiration rate. The rs was negatively correlated with transpiration. These fluorescence signatures reflect on the intactness of the photosystems even at closed stomata in tolerant types during stress periods. The relationships between Pn and fluorescence quenching parameters have also been studied.Item Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of arecanut palms affected with yellow leaf disease(2007-02-08) Chowdappa, P.; Balasimha, D.Item Chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance and yield of cashew germplasm from three agro-climatic regions of South India(2011) Balasimha, D.; Ramalaxmi; Suchith Naik; Nayak, M.G.; Jeeva, S.; Narasimha Reddy, M.N.; Jose, C.T.Item Cocoa(CPCRI, 2002) Balasimha, D.Item Cocoa(Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi -110 002, India, 2017) Elain Apshara, S.; Balasimha, D.; Parthasarathy, V.A.Item Cocoa(2002) Balasimha, D.