Browsing by Author "Bopaiah, B.M."

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    Beneficial micro-organisms in the root region of arecanut palm
    (2007-02-08) Bopaiah, B.M.
    The micro-organisms inhabiting in the root region of arecanut palms are enumerated. The occurrence of asymbiotic nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers and cellulolytic micro-organisms were recorded. The antagonistic Streptomyces sp. and Actinomyces sp. were found to be associated in the root regions. The influence of intercropping on the population of asymbiotic nitrogen fixers was studied. Among the asymbiotic nitrogen fixers Beijerinckia sp., Derxia sp. and Azotobacter sp. were present. Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Pseudomonas sp- being the phosphate solubilizers were also detected in the root region- Indole producing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of arecanut palms- The micro-organisms capable of utilizing cellulose, hemice/lulose, starch and pectin are discussed.
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    Beneficial microbes in the nutrition of coconut
    (2007-02-08) George V. Thomas; Rohini Iyer; Bopaiah, B.M.
    The association of beneficial micro-organisms such as nitrogen fixing bacteria, vesicular-arbus-cular mycorrhiza) (VAM) fungi and phosphate solubilisers with the roots and rhizosphere of coconut has been well established. The non-symbiotic Beijerinckia and associative symbiotic Azospirillum are the predominant nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with coconut. The green manure/cover leguime-Rhizobium association can also contribute substantial quantities of biologically fixed nitrogen in the basins and interspaces of coconut. The palm forms symbiotic association with VAM fungi belonging to the four genera viz., Glomus, Gigaspora, Sclerocystis and Acaulospora. Bacteria and fungi capable of solubilising insoluble phosphates are also found in large numbers in rhizosphere of coconut. The research work carried out on beneficial microbes associated with coconut is reviewed and the future areas of research outlined.
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    Biochemical characterization of the root exudates of coconut palm
    (2007-02-08) Bopaiah, B.M.; Shekara Shetty, H.; Nagaraja, K.V.
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    Coconut and arecanut based high density multispecies cropping systems
    (2007-02-08) Bavappa, K.V.A.; Kailasam, C.; Khader, K.B.A.; Biddappa, C.C.; Khan, H.H.; Kasthuri Bai, K.V.; Ramadasan, A.; Sundararaju, P.; Bopaiah, B.M.; George V. Thomas; Misra, L.P.; Balasimha, D.; Bhat, N.T.; Shama Bhat, K.
    High density multispecies cropping models were laid out one each in coconut and arecanut plantations during 1983. Data on various aspects of the system behaviour showed that the yield of coconut and arecanut increased to the extent of 176% and 12S% respectively in the two systems. The possibility of getting additional yields due to cropping system approach was, evident. There was no marked yield difference of the crops in the full, two-third and one-third levels of fertilizers applied though depletion in N and Mg balance was indicated. The air space utilisation was 31% in coconut while it was 63% in the arecanut system. The biomass production of the two systems showed that there was substantial increase in coconut biomass while the biomass of other crops remained more or less the same. In general, there was build-up of P and K nutrients in the systems. Under the arecanut system N also showed increased balance. There was improved microbial activity in the systems. No serious pest and disease management problems were indicated due to the high density cropping system approach. A number of crop varieties and hybrids tolerant/resistant to the nematode pathogen could be identified. The interaction of various, factors for exploiting higher levels of productivity through a system approach and the need for predicting crop choices based on data and crop performance are discussed in the paper.
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    Coconut and arecanut based high density multispecies cropping systems
    (1986-12) Bavappa, K.V.A.; Kailasam, C.; Khader, K.B.A.; Biddappa, C.C.; Khan, N.H.; Kasthuri Bai, K.V.; Ramadasan, A.; Sundararaju, P.; Bopaiah, B.M.; George V. Thomas; Misra, L.P.; Balasimha, D.; Bhat, N.T.; Shama Bhat, K.
    High density multispecies cropping models were laid out one each in coconut and arecanut plantations during 1983. Data on various aspects of the system behaviour showed that the yield of coconut and arecanut increased to the extent of 176% and 125% respectively in the two systems. The possibility of getting additional yields due to cropping system approach was evident. There was no marked yield difference of the crops in the full, two-third and one-third levels of fertilizers applied though depletion in N and Mg balance was indicated. The air space utilisation was 31% in coconut while it was 63% in the arecanut system. The biomass production of the two systems showed that there was substantial increase in coconut biomass while the biomass of other crops remained more or less the same. In general, there was build-up of P and K nutrients in the systems. Under the arecanut system N also showed increased .balance. There was improved microbial activity in the systems. No serious pest and disease management problems were indicated due to the high density cropping system approach. A number of crop varieties and hybrids tolerant/resistant to the nematode pathogen could be identified. The interaction of various factors for exploiting higher levels of productivity through a system approach and the need for predicting crop choices based on data and crop performance are discussed in the paper.
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    Comparative Chemistry and Microbiology of cocoa fermentation in India
    (2007-02-08) Balasimha, D.; Bhat, N.T.; Bopaiah, B.M.
    Indian cocoa beans are usually acidic due to defective harvesting, fermentation and drying. An improved processing method was developed to overcome the acidity problem. Microbiological and chemical changes occurring during the processing of cocoa beans have been compared and discussed.
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    Distribution of microflora population in the rhizosphere of arecanut
    (2007-02-08) Bopaiah, B.M.; Koti Reddy, M.
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    Effect of bio-fertilizers on growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum)
    (2007-02-08) Bopaiah, B.M.; Abdul Khader, K.B.
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    Effect of continuous application of manures and fertilizers on rhizosphere microflora in arecanut palm
    (2007-02-08) Bopaiah, B.M.; Bhat, N.T.
    The rhizosphere microflora of arecanut palm under continuous application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers was studied. The nutrients applied are 100 g N, 40 g P2Os and 140 g K30/palm/ year in the form of organics and inorganics. The application of organic manure increased the microbial population. The increase in microbial population was observed between the rhizosphere samples collected at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths. The surface cultivation of soil increased the microbial population. Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus sp. dominated in the rhizosphere of arecanut palm.
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    Effect of NPK fertilisers and season on the root region microflora in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
    (2007-02-08) Harishu Kumar, P.; Bopaiah, B.M.; Sreedharan, C.
    Effect of NPK fertilisers and season on the root region microflora of cashew was studied. Population build up of the microflora interacted conspicuously with the season under various fertiliser treatments. Bacteria and actinomycete population build up was recorded in post monsoon season. Fungal population and urease activity were more during pre-monsoon period. Phosphate solubilisers did not show conspicuous variations.
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    Influence of VA - mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and phosphorus uptake of cashew seedlings
    (2007-02) Bopaiah, B.M.; Ghai, S.K.; George V. Thomas
    A screening experiment using nine cultures of VA-mycorrhizal fungi was carried out on cashew var. VTH-12. Glomus macrocarpum, G. versiforme and a local isolate C- II (Coconut black) inoculated plants recorded higher shoot and root weight as compared to those inoculated with other VA-mycorrhizal cultures. All the VA - mycorrhizal inoculation treatments resulted in greater plant growth as compared to uninoculated control. The phosphorus content was also more in VA-mycorrhizal inoculated plants. Cashew is generally grown in poor soils which are not auitable for the cultivation of other crops. The plant requires considerable amounts of nutrients for the growth and production. Considerable work have been reported on the association VA-mycorrhizal (VAM) which increases the uptake of P, Zn and Cu and plant growth in annual crops, but not much information is available for The perennial crops except in citrus (Kleinshnidt and Gerdemann, 1972; Krishna et si, 1983; Thapar and Khan, 1986). In the present study, nine VAM cultures were screened for their influence on cashew seedlings.
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    Microbial Spoilage of Cashew Apples and its Prevention
    (2007-02) Bopaiah, B.M.
    The microorganisms responsible in the spoilage of cashew apples were investigated. Among the Yeasts Rodotorula sp. (red yeast), Cyptococcus sp., Torulapsis sp., Candida sp. and Saccharmyees sp., were observed. The fungi associated are Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp., and Collitotrichum gloeosporoides. The prevention of cashew apples' spoilage by yeast and fungi are outlined.
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    Microbiological and Enzyme Activities Profile in the Root Zone and Interspace Soils of Coconut and Arecanut Palms
    (2007-02) Bopaiah, B.M.
    The microflora, enzyme activities, carbon and nitrogen mineralisation at three soil depths in the root zone and interspaces of coconut and arecanut palms were studied. The bacteria and fungi were more in the root zone soils of both the crops as compared to their respective interspace soils. Urease, phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities were greater in the root zone soils of coconut as compared to the interspace soils. In arecanut, only urease and phosphatase activities were higher in the root zone soils. Seasonal variation in the population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes was studied. Among fungi, Trichoderma spp. (30.5-49.0 %) and Aspergillus spp. / Penicillium spp. (11.4 to 29.0%) were dominant in the root zone of arecanut palm. The carbon and nitrogen mineralisation was higher in the root zone soil in both the crops as compared to the interspace soil.
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    Microbiological And Enzyme Activities Profile In The Root Zone And Interspace Soils Of Coconut And Arecanut Palms
    (1990) Bopaiah, B.M.
    The microflora, enzyme activities, carbon and nitrogen mineralisation at three soil depths in the root zone and interspaces of coconut and arecanut palms were studied. The bacteria and fungi were more in the root zone soils of both the crops as compared to their respective interspace soils. Urease, phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities were greater in the root zone soils of coconut as compared to the interspace soils. In arecanut, only urease and phosphatase activities were higher in the root zone soils. Seasonal variation in the population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes was studied. Among fungi, Trichoderma spp. (30.5-49.0 %) and Aspergillus spp. / Penicillium spp. (11.4 to 29.0%) were dominant in the root zone of arecanut palm. The carbon and nitrogen mineralisation was higher in the root zone soil in both the crops as compared to the interspace soil.
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