Browsing by Author "Das, P.K."
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Item Annotated Bibliography of coconut in India 1977-1990(1991) Kamalavijayan, D.; Radhakrishnan Nair, C.P.; Chempakam, B.; Govindankutty, M.P.; Das, P.K.Item Appropriate technologies for risk reduction in rainfed horticulture crops with special reference to coconut(1991) Das, P.K.; Yusuf, M.; Hegde, M.R.Item Cardamom situation in India with reference to world trade(1982-12) Das, P.K.A review on the cardamom situation in India was made and it was observed that while the area under this crop has gone up by 62 per cent between 1960-61 and 1979-80. its production has fluctuated violently over these years. The extreme susceptibility to climatic influences and diseases and pests account for the wide variations in its yield. Current production of cardamom in India is estimated at around 4500 tonnes. Of this. about 1500 - 2000 tonnes are used for the internal consumption and the remaining for export. The unit value of cardamom per kg increased 1000 per cent during the last two decades from Rs. 18 in 1960-61 to Rs. 199 in 1919-80. Mainly because of this unprecedented increase in price, the realised export earnings has been pushed up to Rs. 534.7 million in 1979-80 from a mere Rs. 36.1 million in 1960-61. Even then, India has lost its near monopoly position in world production as well as export and has been replaced from some of the traditional markets through intensive competitions from Guatemala and Tanzania. However, the country has recently taken up some developmental programmes to boost up production and regain the established market and the outlook for the future seems to be bright.Item Cardamom situation in India with reference to world trade(2007-02-08) Das, P.K.A review on the cardamom situation in India was made and it was observed that while the area under this crop has gone up by 62 per cent between 1960-61 and 1979-8O, its production has fluctuated violently over these years. The extreme susceptibility to climatic influences and diseases and pests account for the wide variations in its yield. Current production of cardamom in India is estimated at around 4S00 tonnes. Of this, about 1500 - 2000 tonnes are used for the internal consumption and the remaining for export. The unit value of cardamom per kg increased 1000 per cent during the last two decades from Rs. 18 in 1960-61 to Rs. 199 in 1979-8O. Mainly because of this unprecedented increase in price, the realised export earnings has been pushed up to Rs. 534.7 million in 1979-8O from a mere Rs. 36.7 million in 1960-61. Even then, India has lost its near monopoly position in world production as well as export and has been replaced from some of the traditional markets through intensive competitions from Guatemala and Tanzania. However, the country has recently taken up some developmental programmes to boost up production and regain the established market and the outlook for the future seems to be bright.Item Economics of Plantation Crops(Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, 2000) Das, P.K.; Jacob Mathew; Muralidharan, K.Item Estimating production costs and returns for coconut in Kerala(2007-02) Das, P.K.The cost of production of coconuts in Kerala has been estimated at Rs. 1.10/nut under lS82-83 factor costs, but without taking the value of land into consideration. When a moderate price of Rs. 50,000 per hectare of land is added to the investment on coconuts, the production cost goes upto Rs. 1.94/nut. In view of the fact that the rate of appreciation of land is significantly higher than that of bank rates and the land market is out of normal economic ambit, there is no justification to include land value in the investment in present Kerala situation. Considering the average production cost and farmgate price of coconut as Rs. 1.10 and Rs. 1.50/nut respectively, the net return works out to be Rs. 4200/ha. Further, since coconut is a small holder plantation crop atleast 75 per cent of labour required for various operations excluding harvesting could be expected from the farmers family itself. Therefore the returns to family labour and investment per hectare of coconut garden comes to Rs. 5760/annum. The study thus reveals that coconut cultivation under good management is a profitable proposition in Kerala.Item Estimating production costs and returns for coconut in Kerala(1984-12) Das, P.K.The cost of production of coconuts in Kerala has been estimated at Rs. 1.10/nut under 1882-83 factor costs, but without taking the value of land into consideration. When a moderate price of Rs. 50,000 per hectare of land is added to the investment on coconuts, the production cost goes up to Rs. 1.94/nut. In view of the fact that, the rate of appreciation of land is significantly higher than that of bank rates and the land market is out of normal economic ambit, there is no justification to include land value in the investment in present Kerala situation. Considering the average production cost and farmgate price of coconut as Rs. 1.10 and Rs. 1.50/nut respectively, the net return works out to be Rs. 4200/ha. Further, since coconut is a small holder plantation crop at least 75 per cent of labour required for various operations excluding harvesting could be expected from the farmers family itself. Therefore the returns to family labour and investment ( per hectare of coconut garden comes to Rs. 5760/annum. The study thus reveals that coconut cultivation under good management is a profitable proposition in Kerala.Item Experiences in coconut based farming systems in India(2007-02) Gopalasundaram, P.; Thomas Varghese, P.; Hegde, M.R.; Nair, M.G.K.; Das, P.K.A sole crop of coconut, at the recommended spacing of 7S x 7S m does not fully utilise the available soil and air space and incident solar radiation. Crops identified as compatible ones with coconut include many tuber crops (cassava, elephant foot yam, yams, colocasia), rhizome-spices (ginger, turmeric), pulses (cowpea), oilseeds (groundnut, soybean), upland rice, fruit crops (banana, pineapple) and vegetables among the annuals and cocoa, black pepper, clove and nutmeg among perennials. Many intensive crop combinations which involve different annuals and perennials over a period of time such as multistoreyed cropping system and high density multispecies crop models have also been developed. Mixed farming systems, which integrate other enterprises like dairying and sericulture provide higher employment generation and enhanced net income. Among the annua! crops, elephant foot yam and ginger are the most profitable. The additional employment generated ranged from 76 to 900 mandays/ha/year in different systems.Item Journal of Plantation Crops : Volume 16 (Supplement) : Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Plantation Crops (Placrosym VII, 1986)(2007-02) Nair, M.K.; Nambiar, K.K.N.; Das, P.K.Item Proceedings of the 7th symposium on plantation crops(1986) Nair, M.K.; Nambiar, K.K.N.; Das, P.K.Item Reducing the Risks in Rainfed Coconut Cultivation(1991) Das, P.K.; Mohd. Yusuf; Hegde, M.R.Item Trends in coconut oil production and trade in the world(1985) Das, P.K.A review of the trends in coconut oil production and trade against the background of the trends in the world coconut area and production has been made for the period 1966 to 1980. The annual compound growth rates of area, production and yield rate for this period are estimated at 3.58 p. 100, 2.14 p. 100 and (—) 0.96 p. 100, respectively. Coconut palms occupied an area of about 8.26 million ha and produced nearly 35 million t of nuts, per year with an average productivity of 4.5 t per ha during 1976-80. The growth rates in respect of copra and coconut oil productions come near 2.4 p. 100 in both the cases, while the same for the exports of copra and coconut oil in terms of oil works out as 2.1 p. 100 ever a period of one and half decades ending 1980. During 1976-80 the average volumes of copra and coconut productions stood at 4.64 million t and 2.84 million t and their exports in oil equivalent averaged around 1.67 million t/year. The USA, West Germany, Netherlands, France and Japan are the major importers of coconut oil. While the failure on the part of the farmers as well as development agencies to replant superior materials in place of senile, diseased and unproductive palms is the main reason for the declining trend in coconut productivity ; rapid growths in the production of soya oil and palm oil and their availability at competitive prices are the main causes for the decline in the pre-eminent trade position of coconut oil in the world.Item Trends in coconut oil production and trade in the world(1984) Das, P.K.A review of the trends in coconut oil production and trade against the background of the trends in the world coconut area and production has been made for the period 1966 lo 1980. The annual compound growth rates of area, production and yield rate for this period are estimated at 3.58 p. 100, 2.14 p. 100 and (—) 0.96 p. 100, respectively. Coconut palms occupied an area of about 8.26 million ha and produced nearly 35 million t of nuts, per year with an average productivity of 4.5 t per ha during 1976-80. The growth rates in respect of copra and coconut oil productions come near 2.4 p. 100 in both the cases, while the same for the exports of copra and coconut oil in terms of oil works out as 2.1 p. 100 ever a period of one and half decades ending 1980. During 1976-80 the average volumes of copra and coconul productions stood at 4.64 million t and 2.84 million t and their exports in oil equivalent averaged around 1.67 million t/year. The USA, West Germany, Netherlands, France and Japan are the major importers of coconut oil. While the failure on the part of the farmers as well as development agencies to replant superior materials in place of senile, diseased and unproductive palms is the main reason for (he declining trend in coconut productivity ; rapid growths in the production of soya oil and palm oil and their availability at competitive prices are the main causes for (he decline in the pre-eminent trade position of coconut oil in the world.