Browsing by Author "Dhamodaran, S."

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    Coconut breeding - Past achievements and future strategies
    (2007-02-08) Nair, M.K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Dhamodaran, S.
    Early efforts of coconut breeding in India included collection and conservation of germplasm initiated in 1930s which received further support of FAO/IBPGR during 1980s. The present Indian germplasm holding with 86 exotic and 41 indigenous accessions is one of the worlds largest assemblage of the crop. Based on the evaluation of indigenous germplasm accessions, two cultivars viz., Laccadive Ordinary (Chandrakalpa) and Banawali Green Round have been released for cultivation. Selection of the prepotent West Cost Tall palms based on progeny performance as well as identification of elite palms gave a new thrust to improve traditional cultivars. The most significant impact was made by the advent of hybrid vigour in crosses involving tails and dwarfs. Research in this line during the last four decades made it possible to release three hybrids viz., Chandrasankara (COD x WCT), Chandralaksha (LO x COD) and Lakshaganga (LO x GB) hybrids. These gave much higher yields than the West Coast Tall (up to 83 per cent in terms of nut and up to 103 per cent in terms of copra out-turn). LO x COD and LO x GB were found to perform well under drought conditions also. Non-availability of sufficient planting materials has been the main constraint in realising the full field impact from these released varieties and hybrids. Efforts have been made to overcome this by establishing a chain of seed gardens in the coconut growing states. Characterization and evaluation of the available germplasm, production of inbred lines followed by hybridization to exploit hybrid vigour to the full extent, exploitation of field tolerance to breed varieties tolerant to root (wilt) disease and Thanjavur wilt and perfecting the technique of developing plantlets through tissue culture for micro-propagation are some of the breeding strategies to achieve the desirable results in coconut breeding.
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    Coconut breeding - Past achievements and future strategies
    (1988) Nair, M.K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Dhamodaran, S.
    Early efforts of coconut breeding in India included collection and conservation of germplasm initiated in 1930s which received further support of FAO/IBPGR during 1980s. The present Indian germplasm holding with 86 exotic and 41 indigenous accessions is one of the worlds largest assemblage of the crop. Based on the evaluation of indigenous germplasm accessions, two cultivars viz., Laccadive Ordinary (Chandrakalpa) and Banawali Green Round have been released for cultivation. Selection of the prepotent West Cost Tall palms based on progeny performance as well as identification of elite palms gave a new thrust to improve traditional cultivars. The most significant impact was made by the advent of hybrid vigour in crosses involving tails and dwarfs. Research in this line during the last four decades made it possible to release three hybrids viz., Chandrasankara (COD x WCT), Chandralaksha (LO x COD) and Lakshaganga (LO x GB) hybrids. These gave much higher yields than the West Coast Tall (up to 83 per cent in terms of nut and up to 103 per cent in terms of copra out-turn). LO x COD and LO x GB were found to perform well under drought conditions also. Non-availability of sufficient planting materials has been the main constraint in realising the full field impact from these released varieties and hybrids. Efforts have been made to overcome this by establishing a chain of seed gardens in the coconut growing states. Characterization and evaluation of the available germplasm, production of inbred lines followed by hybridization to exploit hybrid vigour to the full extent, exploitation of field tolerance to breed varieties tolerant to root (wilt) disease and Thanjavur wilt and perfecting the technique of developing plantlets through tissue culture for micro-propagation are some of the breeding strategies to achieve the desirable results in coconut breeding.
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    Evaluation of tendernut water in coconut cultivars
    (2007-02) Dhamodaran, S.; Ratnambal, M.J.; Chempakam, B.; Pillai, R.V.; Viraktamath, B.C.
    The tendernut water of 12 coconut cultivars was evaluated biochemically to find out a suitable tendernut cultivar. Biochemical evaluation indicated that Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD) had the maximum amount of total sugars (7.0 g/100 ml) and reducing sugars (4.7g/100 ml) and low sodium and potassium content (20 and 2003 ppm respectively). Scores and weightage were given for tendernut characters following Andersons method and a maximum index score of 73 was given to COD. Four cultivars selected based on biochemical evaluation were subjected to organoleptic test by seven tasters following a non-parametric statistical method. This study also confirmed the superior tendernut quality of COD.
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    Heterosis breeding in coconut - Past, present and future
    (2007-02) Dhamodaran, S.; Viraktamath, B.C.; Iyer, R.D.
    The coconut improvement programme through breeding was initiated in the early part of the current century. The discovery of hybrid vigour in coconut in India by Patel (1937) was a significant landmark in the history of coconut improvement. Subsequently, systematic efforts were made in Sri Lanka, Ivory Coast and Jamaica which led to the successful exploitation of hybrid vigour in coconut. Selection of elite parental palms, testing their combining ability and establishing seed gardens with promising parental lines for hybrid seed production, are the important steps in heterosis breeding. The desired traits both from Dwarf and Tall parents are brought together in hybrids. Due to the concerted efforts of coconut breeders many hybrids have been relesedfor cultivation in different coconut growing countries. Notable among them is the Ivory Coast hybridMAWA ofl.R.H.O., whichhas been widely distributed in different S.E. Asian countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines etc. The historical background of heterosis breeding, present status and future programmes envisaged in various coconut growing countries have been reviewed in this paper.
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    Heterosis breeding in coconut - Past, present and future
    (1992-05) Dhamodaran, S.; Viraktamath, B.C.; Iyer, R.D.
    The coconut improvement programme through breeding was initiated in the early part of the current century. The discovery of hybrid vigour in coconut in India by Patel (1937) was a significant landmark in the history of coconut improvement. Subsequently, systematic efforts were made in Sri Lanka, Ivory Coast and Jamaica which led to the successful exploitation of hybrid vigour in coconut. Selection of elite parental palms, testing their combining ability and establishing seed gardens with promising parental lines for hybrid seed production, are the important steps in heterosis breeding. The desired traits both from Dwarf and Tall parents are brought together in hybrids. Due to the concerted efforts of coconut breeders many hybrids have been relesedfor cultivation in different coconut growing countries. Notable among them is the Ivory Coast hybrid MAWA of l.R.H.O., which has been widely distributed in different S.E. Asian countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines etc. The historical background of heterosis breeding, present status and future programmes envisaged in various coconut growing countries have been reviewed in this paper.
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    Heterosis breeding in coconut - Past, present and future
    (Journal of Plantation Crops 19 (2) : 70-80 December.. 1991, 1991-12) Dhamodaran, S.; Viraktamath, B.C.; Iyer, R.D.
    The coconut improvement programme through breeding was initiated in the early part of the current century. The discovery of hybrid vigour in coconut in India by Patel (1937) was a significant landmark in the history of coconut improvement. Subsequently, systematic efforts were made in Sri Lanka, Ivory Coast and Jamaica which led to the successful exploitation of hybrid vigour in coconut. Selection of elite parental palms, testing their combining ability and establishing seed gardens with promising parental lines for hybrid seed production, are the important steps in heterosis breeding. The desired traits both from Dwarf and Tall pareuts are brought together in hybrids. Due to the concerted efforts of coconut breeders many hybrids have been released for cultivation in different coconut grOWing countries. Notable among them is the Ivory Coast hybrid MAWA of I.R.H.O., which has been widely distributed in different S. E. Asian countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines etc. The historical background of heterosis breeding, present status and future programmes envisaged in various coconut growing countries have been reviewed in this paper.
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    Improvement of Coconut
    (2007-02) Iyer, R.D.; Dhamodaran, S.
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    Phenotypic Stability of Coconut Cultivars in the Initial Years of Bearing
    (1993) Muralidharan, K.; Ratnambal, M.J.; Dhamodaran, S.
    Phenotypic stability for annual yield of nuts in 11 coconut cultivars planted during 1972 were compared by means of rank stability statistics after correcting the data for genotypic effects as well as for differences in pre-bearing periods. The cultivars were grouped for stability differences following multiple comparison procedure. Results showed that the Philippines Ordinary, Cochin China and Andaman Ordinary are more stable cultivars than Ayiramkachi, Gangabondam, Federated Malay States and Laccadive Micro.
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    Promising coconut cultivars and hybrids
    (1989) Pillai, R.V.; Dhamodaran, S.