Browsing by Author "Elain Apshara, S."
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Item A new pod bioassay method to determine the toxicity of insecticides against Tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora(2024) T. N. Madhu; Saneera, E.K; R. Thava Prakasha Pandian; Sujithra, M; Bhavishya; Nagaraja, N.R.; Elain Apshara, S.; Josephrajkumar, A.; Rajesh, M.KItem Achievements in Cocoa Breeding Programmes at CPCRI(2011) Elain Apshara, S.Item Analysis of Drought Induced Expressed Sequence Tags (Est’s) Library and Identification of Metabolic Pathways in Cocoa(2011) Naganeeswaran, S.; Elain Apshara, S.Item Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) upon infection with Phytophthora megakarya(2012) Naganeeswaran, S.; Elain Apshara, S.; Manimekalai, R.Phytophthora megakarya, the causative agent of cacao black pod disease in West African countries causes an extensive loss of yield. In this study we have analyzed 4 libraries of ESTs derived from Phytophthora megakarya infected cocoa leaf and pod tissues. Totally 6379 redundant sequences were retrieved from ESTtik database and EST processing was performed using seqclean tool. Clustering and assembling using CAP3 generated 3333 non-redundant (907 contigs and 2426 singletons) sequences. The primary sequence analysis of 3333 non-redundant sequences showed that the GC percentage was 42.7 and the sequence length ranged from 101 – 2576 nucleotides. Further, functional analysis (Blast, Interproscan, Gene ontology and KEGG search) were executed and 1230 orthologous genes were annotated. Totally 272 enzymes corresponding to 114 metabolic pathways were identified. Functional annotation revealed that most of the sequences are related to molecular function, stress response and biological processes. The annotated enzymes are aldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C: 1.2.1.3), catalase (E.C: 1.11.1.6), acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (E.C: 2.3.1.9), threonine ammonia-lyase (E.C: 4.3.1.19), acetolactate synthase (E.C: 2.2.1.6), O-methyltransferase (E.C: 2.1.1.68) which play an important role in amino acid biosynthesis and phenyl propanoid biosynthesis. All this information was stored in MySQL database management system to be used in future for reconstruction of biotic stress response pathway in cocoa.Item Antioxidant activity and biochemical profile of cocoa clones(2016) Senthil Amudhan, M.; Elain Apshara, S.Item Assessment of morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics of cocoa accessions from Central and South America in relation to drought tolerance(2013-12) Elain Apshara, S.; Rajesh, M.K.; Balasimha, D.Eleven cocoa accessions, representing collections from five central and south American countries, were assessed for their morphological, molecular and physiological parameters. Growth characters were observed in three year old plants and initial pod yields were recorded. Photosynthesis, related parameters and chlorophyll indices, measured during two seasons, showed significant differences between non-stress and stress periods as well as among the genotypes. The transpirational water loss was reduced with increased stomatal closure, which is a favourable drought trait in crops. The results indicated that the genotypes showing higher water potential and Fv/Fm ratio can be considered as drought tolerant. The rank sums of these parameters showed that genotypes JA-1/19, POU-16/A and SC-4 were the most droughttolerant. Microsatellite markers were used to assess the extent of genetic diversity between clones. The amplification of DNA from the 11 accessions using the 15 microsatellite loci revealed a total of 80 consistent and scorable alleles with an average of 5.33 alleles per locus and all the loci were 100 per cent polymorphic, the most polymorphic locus being mTcCIR33 with 8 alleles. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.36 to 0.63 with an average of 0.52. The inbreeding co-efficient (f) ranged from -0.22 (mTcCIR8) to 0.58 (mTcCIR40) with an average of 0.32. The microsatellite marker analysis revealed that the genotypes possess a wide genetic diversity. The drought tolerant types identified in this study viz., JA-1/19, POU-16/A and SC-4 could be used for cultivation in areas with moisture deficient stress and in selective cocoa breeding programs for drought tolerance.Item Biochemical Components of Cocoa and their Benefits on Human Health(2012) Senthil Amudhan, M.; Elain Apshara, S.Item Biotechnological strategies for improvement of cocoa(2011) Elain Apshara, S.; Rajesh, M.K.Item Bordeaux mixture - A universal recipe for Phytophthora management(2018) Thava Prakasa Pandian, R.; Shivaji Hausrao Thube; Elain Apshara, S.; Najeeb NaduthodiItem Calendar for Cocoa(2007-12) Elain Apshara, S.; Balasimha, D.; Venkatesh N. HubballiItem CHANGE IN LEAF EPICUTICULAR WAX AND BIOCHEMICALSECONDARY METABOLITES IN COCOA (THEOBROMA CACAO L.) UNDER HYDRIC STRESS(2016) M’Bo Kacou Antoine Alban; Elain Apshara, S.; Hebbar, K.B.; Ananda, K.S.; Tahi G. Mathias; Aké SévérinItem Climate change, weather variability and associated impact on arecanut and cocoa in humid tropics of India(2018) Sujatha, S; Ravi Bhat; Elain Apshara, S.Item Clonal Evaluation of Cocoa Hybrids and their Parents(2014) Elain Apshara, S.Item Cocoa(Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi -110 002, India, 2017) Elain Apshara, S.; Balasimha, D.; Parthasarathy, V.A.Item Cocoa EST database: Comprehensive database of Cocoa Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)(2015) Naganeeswaran, S.; Elain Apshara, S.; Manimekalai, R.; Amal Vasu; Malhotra, S.K.Item Cocoa Planting Material Production(2010-12) Elain Apshara, S.Item Cocoa: Origin, Domestication and Conservation(2010) Elain Apshara, S.; Balasimha, D.Item Comparative studies on elite cocoa progenies in their initial years of growth(Indian Society for Plantation Crops, 2008) Elain Apshara, S.; Vivek R. Bhat; Velayudhan Nair, R.Hybridization work in cocoa conducted at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute during 1983-1997 has yielded many progenies of selected crosses. The field evaluation of those selected progenies carried out in discrete experiments under different environments and progeny trials resulted in certain best performing lines. They were evaluated for their performance in arecanut garden under uniform conditions in their initial years of growth. Assessment of growth and vigour of the hybrids with morphological observations, pod yield and bean characteristics was done to confirm the production potential of 21 selected elite progenies. The hybrids PII- 5, PII- 3, PIII-I-23 and PI-IV-478 were vigorous with sturdy stem and well spread canopies. Early bearing from second year of growth was observed in the hybrids PIII-II-89, PI-IV-478, PI-I-18 and PI-I-38. The hybrids PI-IV-478, PI-I-38, PIII-I-23, PIII-II-54 and PI-I-18 showed high pod yield potential with an annual yield of more than 50 pods per tree per year at the age of six years. Individual pod characteristics like size, husk to bean ratio, total pod weight recorded significant difference among hybrids. Bean parameters especially wet to dry bean ratio, shelling and recovery percentage and single dry bean weight were also studied to assess the suitability of the hybrids for the industries.Item A comparative study on antioxidant activity and biochemical profile of exotic cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones(2015-12) Senthil Amudhan, M.; Elain Apshara, S.Item CONOGETHES PUNCTIFERALIS GUENEE A DEVASTATING PEST OF COCOA, THEOBROMA CACAO LINN(2018) Shivaji Hausrao Thube; Thava Prakasa Pandian, R.; Elain Apshara, S.; Saneera, E.K
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