Browsing by Author "Emilia Abraham, T."

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    Biosoftening of coir fiber using selected microorganisms
    (2005) Akhila Rajan; Resmi C. Senan; Pavithran, C.; Emilia Abraham, T.
    Coir fiber belongs to the group of hard structural fibers obtained from coconut husk. As lignin is the main constituent of coir responsible for its stiffness, microbes that selectively remove lignin without loss of appreciable amounts of cellulose are extremely attractive in biosoftening. Five isolated strains were compared with known strains of bacteria and fungi. The raw fiber treated with Pseudomonas putida and Phanerocheate chrysosporium produced better softened fiber at 30±2 C and neutral pH. FeSO4 and humic acid were found to be the best inducers for P. chrysosporium and P. putida, respectively, while sucrose and dextrose were the best C-sources for both. Biosoftening of unretted coir fibers was more advantageous than the retted fibers. Unlike the weak chemically softened fiber, microbial treatment produced soft, whiter fibers having better tensile strength and elongation (44.6–44.8%) properties. Scanning electron microscopy photos showed the mycelia penetrating the pores of the fiber, removing the tylose plug and degrading lignin
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    Enzymatic modification of cassava starch by bacterial lipase
    (2006) Akhila Rajan; Emilia Abraham, T.
    Enzymatic modification of starch using long chain fatty acid makes it thermoplastic suitable for a myriad of industrial applications. An industrial lipase preparation produced by Burkholderia cepacia (lipase PS) was used for modification of cassava starch with two acyl donors, lauric acid and palmitic acid. Reactions performed with palmitic acid by liquid-state and microwave esterification gave a degree of substitution (DS) of 62.08% (DS 1.45) and 42.06% (DS 0.98), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that onset of decomposition is at a higher temperature (above 600 C) for modified starch than the unmodified starch (280 C). Modified starch showed reduction in a-amylase digestibility compared to native starch (76.5–18%). Swelling power lowered for modified starch as esterification renders starch more hydrophobic, making it suitable for biomedical applications as materials for bone fixation and replacements, carriers for controlled release of drugs and bioactive agents. Thus enzymatic esterification is ecofriendly.
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    Isolation of beta-mannanase from Cocos nucifera Linn haustorium and its application in the depolymerization of beta-(1 ,4)-linked D-mannans
    (2010-05) Rema S. Soumya; Emilia Abraham, T.
    Beta mannanase was extracted from coconut(Cocos nucifera Linn) haustorium and purified through ammonium sulphate precipitation and sepharose 6B-lectin affinity chromatography.Coconut beta mannanase is an acidic protein with a pI of 3.75.The molecular mass of coconut beta mannanase (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electophoresis) was found to be 44kDa and was confirmed by matrix-assisted lase desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.the optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity was 70c and 5.2.the enzyme was used for the preparation of neutraceutical dietary supplement from glactomannans of guar gum and tender coconut kernel having a beta-(1,4)-linked D-mannanose backbone.Depolymerised guar gum has 92% of oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 9-39 oligosaccharides along with disaccharides and trisaccharides. Hence this mannanase will be useful to depolymerize beta-(1,4)-linked D-mannose poly-saccharides from the most plant sources to produce prebiotics in a cost-effective technique.