Browsing by Author "George, M.V."
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Item Aerial spraying against tea mosquito in cashew(2007-02-08) George, M.V.; Vijay Singh; Thomas PeterComparative efficacy of ultra low volume (aerial spray) and the high volume spray (employing rocker sprayer) for the control of tea mosquito was evaluated during 1977-78 season in the cashew plantations of Kerala Plantation Corporation at Muliyar, Adhur and Perla villages, in Kerala, India. Two sprays were given in November, 1977 and January, 1978 synchronising with the emergence of new flushes and inflorescences. The infestation of shoots and inflorescences was significantly reduced in the plots which received aerial spraying and the yield increase was 40 per cent for the number of nuts and 37 per cent for the weight of nuts harvested over the plots receiving high voulme spray (2.2 kg Vs 1.6 kg per tree).Item Coconut breeding : A Comparative study of Tall x Dwarf, Tall x Gangabondam and tall x tall hybrid seedlings in the nursery for maximum expression of vigur(1964) Satyabalan, K.; George, M.V.; Radhakrishnan, V.Item Comparative efficiency of selected phosphates as P-carriers for coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)(2007-02-08) Hameed Khan, H.; Sankaranarayanan, M.P.; Joshi, O.P.; George, M.V.; Narayana, K.B.Item Comparative efficiency of selected phosphates as P-carriers for coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)(1985) Hameed Khan, H.; Sankaranarayanan, M.P.; Joshi, O.P.; George, M.V.; Narayana, K.B.The results of a field experiment conducted for six years on laterite soil showed that single superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, nitrophosphate and rock phosphate had similar effects on the yield of nuts palm yr . However, when percentage yield increase over pretreatment yield was computed, rock phosphate proved best, followed by ammonium phosphate. Regression analysis revealed an optimum interaction between soil available P and leaf P for rock phosphate. The soil available P increased with the increase in the levels of P applied. Nitrophosphate increased the soil available P to a maximum, followed by ammonium phosphate, single superphosphate and rock phosphate. Fertilizer-P application generally reduced soil pH which was most marked with ammonium phosphate. The treatments showed marginal mobility of P to the subsoil which has been attributed to mechanical movement as a result of cultural operations in the coconut basin. Higher levels of applied P influenced the leaf P values which were not reflected in the yield. Costs of fertilizer indicated that rock phosphate as a P-carrier is cheapest.Item Computation of disease index of root (wilt) disease of coconut(2007-02-08) George, M.V.; Radha, K.The major foliar symptoms associated with the root (wilt) disease of coconut are flaccidity, yellowing and necrosis. Data available from a previous study on the diagnostic symptoms of the disease on 7,168 palms (both adult and young), growing under varying ecological con- . ditions formed the basis for fixing up the importance of the different symptoms. On the basis of their frequency of occurrence and intensity, due weightage and grade points were assigned to each symptom. A formula was evolved to index the disease intensity, by adding the weighted average grade points of the different symptoms on all the leaves of a palm, thereby reducing the disease-intensity complex to a single numerical expression.Item Computation of disease index of root (wilt) disease of coconut(1973-04) George, M.V.; Radha, K.The major foliar symptoms associated with the root (wilt) disease of coconut are flaccidity, yellowing and necrosis. Data available from a previous study on the diagnostic symptoms of the disease on 7,168 palms (both adult and young), growing under varying ecological conditions formed the basis for fixing up the importance of the different symptoms. On the basis of their frequency of occurrence and intensity, due weightage and grade points were assigned to each symptom. A formula was evolved to index the disease intensity, by adding the weighted average grade points of the different symptoms on all the leaves of a palm, thereby reducing the disease-intensity complex to a single numerical expression.Item Crop loss due to root (wilt) and leaf rot diseases and Oryctes infestation of coconut in the disease affected areas in Kerala, South India(2007-02-08) George, M.V.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Thommen, K.J.Root (wilt) and leaf rot are the major diseases seriously affecting the yield of coconut in Central and Southern Kerala. Of the. pests Oryctes rhinoceros L. is the most important, attacking the tender leaves and spathes. The root (wilt) disease affected areas on the west coast of India consist of seven districts of Kerala state viz. Ernakulam, Idikki, Kottayam, Alleppey and Quilon districts in full and part of Tricbur and Trivandrum districts where a survey was conducted using a multistage sampling procedure during 1971-76 to estimate the total production and the loss in coconut jield due to incidence of root (wilt) and leaf rot and Oryctes infestations. Among the 7 districts surveyed the total annual production of nuts was maximum in Alleppey district (406 million nuts). Ernakulam, Kottayam and Quilon districts produced annually 357 million, 337 million and 331 million - nuts respectively. The average yield per palm was found to be very low in the severely disease affected districts (Alleppey 31 nuts, Kottayam 32 nuts and Idikki 35 nats). the average yield of a healthy palm fr«e from disease and Oryctes infestation was also high in Trichur (61 nuts) and Ernakulam (60 nuts) districts. The loss in yield was estimated to be about 75% for trees in the advanced stages of the disease and 25 to 50% in the early stages. The loss due to Oryctes infestation was found to vary from 1 to 6 nuts per palm in different districts. The loss of nuts due to disease and pest was maximum in Kottayam district (125 million nuts annually) followed by Alleppey district (113 million nuts). In Quilon and Ernakulam districts, loss due to disease and pest was 73 million and 58 million nuts respectively. In Trivandrum an:l Tricbur districts the total loss was only 14 million nuts and 8 million nuts respectively. The overall loss of production due to the diseases and Oryctes was estimated at 419 million nuts which would amount to 20% of annual production in the disease affected tract.Item Crop loss due to Root (wilt) and Leaf Rot Diseases and Oryctes Infestation of Coconut in the disease affected areas in Kerala, South India(1985-01) George, M.V.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Thommen, K.J.Root (wilt) and leaf rot are the major diseases seriously affecting the yield of coconut in Central and Southern Kerala. Of the pests Oryctes rhinoceros L. is the most important, attacking the tender leaves and spathes. The root (wilt) disease affected areas on the west coast of India consist of seven districts of Kerala state viz. Ernakulam, Idikki, Kottayam Alleppey and Quilon districts in full and part of Trichur and Trivandrum districts where a survey was conducted asing a multistage sampling procedure during 1971-76 to estimate the total production and the less in coconut yield due to incidence of root (wilt) and leaf rot and Oryctes infestations. Among the 7 districts surveyed the total annual production of nuts was maximum in Alleppey district (406 million nuts). Ernakulam, Kottayam and Quilon districts produced annually 357 million, 337 million and 331 million nuts respectively. The average yield per palm was found to be very low in the severely disease affected districts (Alleppey 31 nuts, Kottayam 32 nuts and Idikki 35 nuts). The average yield of a healthy palm free from disease and Oryctes infestation was also high in Trichur (61 nuts) and Ernakulam (60 nuts) districts. The loss in yield was estimated to be about 75%- for trees in the advanced stages of the disease and 25 to 50% in the early stages. The loss due to Orycles infestation was .found to vary from 1 to 6 nuts per palm in different districts... The loss of nuts due to disease and pest was maximum in Kottayam district (125 million nuts annually) followed by Alleppey district (113 million nuts). In Quilon and Ernakulam districts, loss due to disease and pest was 73 million and 58 million nuts respectively. In Trivandrum and Trichur districts the total loss was only 14 million nuts and 8 million nuts respectively. The overall loss of production due to the diseases and Oryctes was estimated at 419 million nuts which would amount to 20% of annual production in the disease affected tract.Item Crop year versus calendar year as basis for compiling annual yield in coconut(2007-02-08) Jacob Mathew; Gopalasundaram, P.; George, M.V.; Vijayakumar, K.; Jose, C.T.Coconuts are harvested throughout the year at an interval of about 30-60 days and the annual yield is the number of nuts obtained in a 12 month period. Two different methods of compilation of annual yield data showed that the year to year variation is more pronounced in the case of calendar year tabulation, as compared to agricultural years. When two year averages were taken, these differences were found to come down. With the help of experimental data, it has been shown that conclusions drawn can be different depending on the method of compilation of annual yield data. Analysis of mean yield for two consecutive years is suggested to overcame this problem.Item Diospyrus ebenum koenig an ideal shade tree for cardamom(1984-12) George, M.V.; Mohammed Sayed, A.A.; Korikanthimath, V.S.Pooled analysis of yield data from an experiment conducted at CPCRI Research Centre, Appangala, Karnataka to evaluate shade trees for cardamom for four years revealed that cardamom grown under karimaram (Diospyrus ebenum) yielded 40-50 per cent more (121 g) than under elangi (Mimusops elangi), nandi (Legerstremia lanceolata) and jack (Artocarpus integrifolia) (79-89 g). Plants grown under karimaram produced more and larger panicles than by those under other shade trees. Observations on general characters of shade trees also confirmed that the karimaram is superior to other shade trees for growing cardamom.Item Diospyrus ebenum Koenig an ideal shade tree for cardamom(2007-02-08) George, M.V.; Mohammed Sayed, A.A.; Korikanthimath, V.S.Pooled analysis of yield data from an experiment conducted at CPCRI Research Centre, Appangala, Karnataka to evaluate shade trees for cardamom for four years revealed that cardamom grown under karimaram (Diospyrus ebenum) yielded 40-50 per cent more (121 g) than under elangi (Mimusops elangi), nandi (Legerstremia lanceolata) and jack (Artocarpus integrifolia) (79-89 g). Plants grown under karimaram produced more and larger panicles than by those under other shade trees. Observations on general characters of shade trees also confirmed that the karimaram is superior to other shade trees for growing cardamom.Item Effect of phosphorus skipping on the yield and nutrition of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.)(2007-02-08) Hameed Khan, H.; Sankaranarayanan, M.P.; George, M.V.; Narayana, K.B.The skipping phosphorus fertiliser application to adult coconut palms has resulted in the reduction of soil available P from 84 to 59 ppm at 0-30 cm depth and 24 to 13 ppm at 30-60 cm depth in the coconut basins. Neither a reduction in soil available phosphorus nor an increase consequent to fertiliser application at two levels for the past six years has significantly influenced foliar P levels and yield. The possibility of skipping application of phosphatic fertilisers to adult coconut groves in soil where available P is around 24 ppm at 30 to 60 cm depth is outlined. The usefulness of foliar P levels as a guide to fertiliser application seems to be doubtful.Item Estimates on the extent of loss due to quick wilt disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Calicut district of Kerala(2007-02) Balakrishnan, R.; Anandaraj, M.; Nambiar, K.K.N.; Sarma, Y.R.; Brahma, R.N.; George, M.V.A survey was conducted in Calicut district of Kerala State (India) to assess the extent of loss in yield due to quick wilt disease of black pepper. The study was conducted for a period of three years (1982-1984) and it was estimated that on an average about 1,88,900 vines perish due to quick wilt disease per year and the consequent yield loss amounting to about 119 metric tonnes of black pepper per year. It was also estimated that a total of 11 % of plants were lost due to the disease during the course of three years (1982-1984)Item Estimation of cost of production of coconut under optimum management conditions in North Kerala(2007-02) Sairam, C.V.; Gopalasundaram, P.; Muralidharan, K.; George, M.V.; Hegde, M.R.; Umamaheswari, L.The estimated cost of cultivation of coconut based on 1995-96 prices, under optimum management conditions of North Kerala, ranges from Rs. 28,600/ha during the first year of planting to Rs. 23,450/ha during the stabilized bearing period. The same for irrigated condition ranges between Rs. 52,650 and Rs. 27,750/ha and the cost of production was estimated as Rs. 3.30/nut and Rs. 2.60/nut under rainfed and irrigated condition respectivelyItem Estimation of leaf area in one-year-old cardamom plants(2007-02) George, M.V.; Korikanthimath, V.S.; Vijayakumar, K.; Bhagavan, S.The area (P) of any individual leaf of a one-year-old cardamom seedling can be estimated by a linear function P = 0.813B + 0.657 L.B. (R8 = 0.984) where L and B are the length and breadth of the leaf. The total functioning leaf area (Y) of a tiller with n* leaves can be estimated by a linear function Y = -3.168 L + 33.464 n b (R* = 0.976) where n is the total number of functioning leaves in the tiller and L and B are the linear measurements of median leaf. Further, the total functioning leaf area (A) of a whole clump consisting of several tillers can be estimated by a linear function. A = 11.935 L + 22.3 N.B (R8 = 0.979) where N is the total number of leaves in the clump and L and B are the linear measurements of the median leaf of tiller having the maximum number of leaves.Item Estimation of leaf area in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under two agroecological conditions(2007-02) Satheesan, K.V.; George, M.V.; Vijayakumar, K.; Ramadasan, A.The total leaf area (TLA) at different stages of growth of tillers or clumps of turmeric (Curcuma longa) varieties raised under two agroecological conditions viz., in the open as a pure crop and in association with coconut, can be estimated using the regression equation TLA = b1 nB + b2 L. The total leaf area of the tiller or clump can be computed by taking the linear measurements CL and B) of only one leaf i.e., median leaf of the tiller or those of the median leaf of the tiller having maximum number of leaves, respectively, and counting the total number of leaves (n) in the respective tiller or clump. Under both the ecological conditions studied and between the same, the regression coefficients were not homogenous over various stages of growth and for different varieties. Hence common mathematical formulae were not attempted to, with regard to varieties, age of the plant or ecological conditions.Item Evaluation of coconut cultivars and hybrids for dry matter production(2007-02) Kasturi Bai, K.V.; Rajagopal, V.; Prabha, C.D.; Ratnambal, M.J.; George, M.V.Coconut cultivars/hybrids comprising three tails, one dwarf and five hybrids were evaluated for dry matter (DM) production and yield. The tails excelled in the vegetative dry matter production (VDM) characteristics, whereas the hybrids were superior in the reproductive dry matter production (RDM) and nut yield. Among the hybrids, West Coast Tall (WCT) x Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD), Laccadive Ordinary (LO) x Gangabondam (GB) and LO x COD performed better than the other two (WCT x WCT and COD x WCT). Copra out-turn was related significantly to RDM as well as total dry matter (TDM) production. Attempt was made to understand the harvest index (HI) in coconut. Traits for higher DM production also were evaluated by correlation studies which indicated the higher dependence of HI on RDM rather than on VDM. Water use efficiency (WUE) also contributed significantly to higher DM production.Item Evaluation of shade trees for optimum growth and yield of cardamom(Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Kasaragod - 671 124,Kerala., 1980) George, M.V.Item Field evaluation of forecasting model for cashew yield in large plantations(2007-02) George, M.V.; Amarnath, C.H.; Bhagavan, S.; Vijayakumar, K.A method to forecast the cashew yield from large plantations based on biometrical characters and yield attributes was developed and field tested in the four cashew estates at Muliyar, Periya, Adhur and Perla in Northern Kerala covering an area of about 2100 ha belonging to the Plantation Corporation of Kerala in Kasaragod district and at National Research Centre for Cashew (Experimental Station), Shanthigodu, D. K., Karnataka covering an area of about 40 ha. Tne yield estimates arrived at were found to be reasonably precise with an average deviation of 6.7% ai Kasaragod and 17.9% at Shanthigodu with the actual yield.Item Field evaluation of forecasting model for cashew yield in large plantations(1989-03) George, M.V.; Amarnath, C.H.; Bhagavan, S.; Vijayakumar, K.A method to forecast the cashew yield from large plantations based on biometrical characters and yield attributes was developed and field tested in the four cashew estates at Muliyar, Periya, Adhur and Per la in Northern Kerala covering an area of about 2100 lia belonging to the Plantation Corporation of Kerala in Kasaragod district and at National Research Centre for Cashew (Experimental Station), Shanthigodu, D. K., Karnataka covering an area of about 40 ha. Tne yield estimates arrived at were found to be reasonably precise with an average deviation of 6.7% ai Kasaragod and 17.9% at Shanthigodu with the actual yield.