Browsing by Author "Graziani de Farinas, L."

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    Chemical analysis of Criollo Porcelana Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) in the South of Maracaibo Lake
    (2007) Portillo, E.; Graziani de Farinas, L.; Betancourt, E.
    This study has as purpose the evaluation of the biochemical parameters that allow to establish the fermentation conditions for producing the best quality chocolate for the "Criollo Porcelana" cacao, by evaluating the chemical compounds through the parameters used during the fermentation like: Ferment Type (FT) square and rectangular drawer, Removal Frequency (RF) 12 and 24 hours, Ear Endurance (EE) at zero and five days and the fermentation time (FTT) at the 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The methodology consisted on a factorial arrangement 23 x 5 in where three factors were studied (TF, FR and AM), at two levels and the time of fermentation at five. The studied variables were: pH, acidity, tannins, sugars reducers and total of sugars. Results reflect for the cotyledon and pulp and testa makes a will bigger pH values and tannins in the rectangular fermenting and of acidity, sugars reducers and total in the square. The removal frequency each 24 hours, it showed bigger pH, sugars and tannins and littler acidity in the cotyledon and littler values in the pulp and testa makes a will and an increase in the sugars and tannins in this. The endurance determined an increment of the pH for five days and a descent of the acidity and sugars. In the pulp and testa makes a will the same tendency it was observed. With regard to the fermentation time, there was a variation of all the variables during the process for both fractions. These results are related with the final quality of chocolate.
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    Effect of some factors post-harvest on the sensory quality of the Criollo cocoa porcelana (Theobroma cacao L.)
    (2006) Portillo, E.; Graziani de Farinas, L.; Cros, E.
    Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) has had a great importance in the agricultural development of the country since the time of the colony, due to the production of high quality cocoa (porcelana and chuao). To guarantee this quality it is important a good handling of the crop that includes a suitable practical postcrop (fermentation and dried). Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of some factors that influence on the fermentation of porcelain cacao such as: Type of fermentator (TF), removal frequency (FR), endurance of the ear (AM) and type of fermentator (TPF). The methodology consisted on a split plot arrangement design, where three factors were studied (TF, FR and AM), at two levels and the time of fermentation (TPF) at five. The evaluation was sensorial considering the following descriptor: acidity, smell, bitterness, astringency, floral, fruit and global evaluation. Fermented cacao on squared boxes had lower acidity than fermented in rectangle boxes. At the same time, a global evaluation was obtained in cacaos that fermented on squared boxes. In relation to the endurance, the best results of aromatic intensity and global evaluation, as well a lower acidity was obtained for endurance cero. The removal frequency done every 24 hours showed a lower bitterness and higher preference. The time of optimum fermentation was of 48 and 72 hours. These results allow recommending that porcelain cacao must be fermented on squared boxes, with a mass removal every 24 hours, with cero endurance and a time of fermentation that would not surpasses 72 hours.