Browsing by Author "Hebbar, K.B.."

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    Detection of Oil Adulteration in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Utilizing Chemometrics and Principal Component Analysis
    (2023-06-09) M. B. Cariappa; Ramesh, S.V.; G. S. Chikkanna; J. Venkatesh; Vishnuvardhana; Hebbar, K.B..; A. K. Singh
    Authentication of virgin coconut oil (VCO) is imperative to protect the interests of the consumers. An investigation was carried out to distinguish VCO from coconut oil (CO), palm oil (PO) and liquid paraffin utilizing biochemical quality parameters, including fatty acid composition, and principal component analysis (PCA). Various oil blends of VCO: PO, VCO: CO (both in 10% increments), VCO:CO:PO and VCO: liquid paraffin and CO: liquid paraffin were prepared. The oil blends were analyzed for quality features, fatty acid composition and the data was analyzed statistically. Biochemical attributes such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), iodine value (IV) and saponification value (SV) and fatty acids like lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid were influential parameters to distinguish the oil samples at various levels of adulteration. Samples could be classified even with the adulteration level of as low as 10%. Principal component analysis produced two components distinguishing various adulterated oil samples. Multiple regression analysis provided predictive equation models with high coefficient of determination ( R2) and could help in adulteration quantitation. Hence, this study demonstrated
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    Pollen morphological study and temperature effect on the pollen germination of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) varieties
    (2023-12-01) Babli Mog; G.L. Veena; J.D. Adiga; Hebbar, K.B..; Shamsudheen M; G.N. Manjesh; E. Eradasappa
    Temperature is one of the main environmental factors that affects plant growth and development. Flowering phenology mainly pollination is highly sensitive to temperature extremes. Thus, pollen tests can be used as a tool to screen temperature tolerant crops. In present study, the in vitro pollen germination method was used for screening cashew varieties at different temperatures. The pollens of five cashew varieties comprising three early (VRI-3, Vengurla-4 and Ullal-3), one mid (Bhaskara) and one late (Madakkathara-2) were screened in field (in vivo) as well as at controlled temperatures from 5 to 50◦C. The morphological features of pollen grains were also studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Significant differences in polar axis (P), equatorial axis (E) and P/E ratio were observed among five cashew varieties. Early varieties had high P and E. Pollen germination under in vivo was high for early types with optimum temperature (Topt) of 25◦C while it was low in mid and late types with Topt of 30◦C. The in vitro study further confirmed this finding, pollen germination at 25◦C was 75% in early types while it was 57.8 and 50.5% for mid and late types respectively at 30◦C. However, mid and late varieties exhibited better tolerance to high temperature beyond 40◦C suggesting their wider adaptability to high temperature. The high reducing sugars mainly glucose and fructose in pollens of early varieties may be correlated to high pollen germination in response to temperature. Overall, the varietal differences in pollen behaviour can be used to select cashew varieties for evaluating their adaptability to temperature extremes during flowering across various regions.