Browsing by Author "Ike Virdiana"

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    Activity Evaluation of Cocoa Pod Borer Sex Pheromone in Cacao Fields
    (2008) Aijun Zhang; Lip Foo Kuang; Navies Maisin; Bhanu Rumuru; David R. Hall; Ike Virdiana; Smilja Lambert; Hussin Bin Purung; Shifa Wang; Prakash Hebbar
    The previously identiÞed female sex pheromone of cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella, was re-evaluated for its attractive activity in different Þeld conditions. It was found that lures containing 100- g of synthetic sex pheromone blend, (E,Z,Z)- and (E,E,Z)-4,6,10-hexadecatrienyl acetates, and the corresponding alcohols in a ratio of 40:60:4:6 in a polyethylene vial attracted male C. cramerella moths in Sabah and peninsular Malaysia and in Sumatra and Sulawesi, Indonesia, suggesting that the same pheromone strain existed in a wide stretch of the Indo-Malayan archipelago. Of the three kinds of trap designs tested, the Delta traps were more effective than Pherocon V scale traps. Male captures were not signiÞcantly different among traps baited with 100-, 300-, or 1,000- g doses of sex pheromone. A release rate study of pheromone formulation conducted in the laboratory showed that volatile active ingredients were desorbed from polyethylene vials following Þrst-order kinetics, which indicates a satisfactory “half-life time” of a 100- g loading is 6 wk under laboratory conditions. A satisfactory attractiveness of the lure with a 100- g loading was 1Ð2 mo in the fields