Browsing by Author "Jayapal, S.P."
Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Baculovirus disease in Oryctes rhinoceros population in Kerala(2007-02-08) Mohan, K.S.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.A baculovirus disease was found in Oryctes rhinoceros beetles in Kerala. The symptoms conformed to those reported from South East Asia and the South Pacific Islands. The disease was diagnosed and confirmed by visual symptoms of midgut, smear of midgut contents, immuno-osmophoresis, bioassay in grubs and beetles and electron microscopy of midgut sections of the beetle. The smear test and immuno-osmophoresis were found to be ideal diagnostic methods for routine screening. The bacilliform baculovirus particles measured 215-260x77-108 nm.Item Bioecology of Bracon hebetor say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an indigenous larval parasitoid of the coconut leaf eating caterpillar Opisina arenosella Wlk. (Lepidoptera: Cryptophasidae)(2007-02-08) Sathiamma, B.; Pillai, G.B.; Jayapal, S.P.Item Biological suppression of coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) in Minicoy, Lakshadweep by Oryctes baculovirus - impact on pest population and damage(2007-02-08) Mohan, K.S.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.The population of Oryctes rhinoceros (L.), one of the key pests of coconut palm, has been substantially reduced in Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, through the use of a virus disease of the pest. O. rhinoceros beetles were infected with Oryctes baculovirusLD50 dose/ml, of inoculum) and released into the pest population in Minicoy Island in April, 1983. The virus was previously isolated from field-collected, diseased O. rhinoceros beetles from Kayangulam in Alleppey District, Kerala.- Pre-release observations at Minicoy in April, 1983 revealed high incidence of pest damage to coconut and the absence of the viral disease in the pest population. Post-release observations recorded after two years revealed spread of the virus disease to the subsequent generations of beetles and larvae in breeding sites. The resultant epizootic in the pest population drastically reduced the larval population in breeding sites, leading to a substantial reduction in the damage to coconut palms in experimental plots.Item Diagnosis of baculovirus infection in coconut rhinoceros beetles by examination of excreta(2007-02-08) Mohan, K.S.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.Oryctes rhinoceros beetles, when infected with Oryctes baculovirus, excreted gut epithelial cells having hypertrophied nuclei, between the third and ninth day post-inoculation. Detection of such abnormal nuclei in the excreta was used as a method of diagnosis of baculovirus infection in field-collected beetles, needed alive for various experiments. This method eliminates the need for sacrificing the beetles for mid-gut examination, a routine method of diagnosis.Item Diagnosis of baculovirus infection in coconut rhinoceros beetles by examination of excreta(1986) Mohan, K.S.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.Oryctes rhinoceros beetles, when infected with Oryctes baculovirus, excreted gut epithelial cells having hypertrophied nuclei, between the third and ninth day post-inoculation. Detection of such abnormal nuclei in the excreta was used as a method of diagnosis of baculovirus infection in field-collected beetles, needed alive for various experiments. This method eliminates the need for sacrificing the beetles for mid-gut examination, a routine method of diagnosis.Item Mass Production of the Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae in Coconut Water Wasted from Copra Making Industry(2007-02) Dangar, T.K.; Geetha, L.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.Item Norms for Release of Larval, Prepupal and Pupal Parasitoids of Opislna Arenosella Wlk., the Leaf Eating Caterpillar of the Coconut Palm(1987-12) Sathiamma, B.; Pillai, G.B.; Jose Abraham; Keshava Bhat, S.; Jayapal, S.P.; Ramachandran Nair, K.An experiment was conducted to work out the dosages for release of the larval, prepupal and pupal parasitoids of Opisina arenosella under field conditions. Parasite releases were madeat three doses Viz. Zero, 25 and SOX of the target stages of the pest population at fortnightly intervals. Observations revealed that the releases of the parasites effected varying levels of reduction in population density of O. arenosella. The reduction obtained was significant in plots in which the larval parasitoid Goniozus nephantidis and the prepupal parasitoid Elasmus nephantidis were released. The doses worked out were 20.5% for G. nephantidis, 49.4X for E. nephantidis and 31.9% for B. nosatoi, when the parasitoids were released individually, and 40.4% when a combined release was made.Item Observations On Spiders (Order : Araneae) Predacious On The Coconut Leaf Eating Caterpillar Opisina Arenosella Wlk. (= Nephantis Serinopa Meyrick) In Kerala : Biology Of Rhene Indicus Tikader (Salticidae) And Cheiracanthium Sp.(Clubionidae)(1987) Sathiamma, B.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.Biology of Rhene indicus and Cheitacamhium sp. was studied under laboratory conditions. The different life stages were reared using caterpillars of Opisina arenosella as prey. /?. indicus males required a mean of 83 (range 67—104) days after hatching to maturity, reached adulthood after six moults and lived for an average of 51.25 (range 25—77) days. Females required a mean of 79.5 (range 59—105) days after hatching to maturity, reached adulthood after six moults and lived for an average of 139.83 (range 71—296) days. Females were found to oviposit 6—31 days after mating, produced 7—10 broods and the number of spiderlings emerged from single egg mass varied from 9—37. The spider started feeding on ea-rly instar caterpillars of Opisina from the second instar onwards and the prey consumption ranged from 2—207 caterpillars. Males of Cheiracanthium sp. required a mean of 214.6 (range 162—261) days after hatching to maturity, reached adulthood after 12 moults, and lived for an average of 74.5 (range 35—122) days as adult. Females required a mean of 207 (range 169—248) days after hatching to maturity, reached adulthood after 12 moults and lived for an average of 85.7 (range 51—127) days as adult. Females oviposited in 8—30 days after mating, produced one to four broods and the number of spiderlings emerged from single egg mass varied from 9—86 with an average of 49.1. Except the first instar all the eleven instar spiderlings consumed Opisina caterpillars and the rate of feeding was observed to vary from 2—151Item Observations On Spiders (Order : Araneae) Predacious On The Coconut Leaf Eating Caterpillar Opisina Arenosella Wlk. (Nephantis Serinopa Meyrick) In Kerala: Feeding Potential(1987) Sathiamma, B.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.Item Observations on Spiders (Order Araneae) Predacious on the Coconut Leaf Eating Caterpillar Opisina Arenosella Wlk. (= Nephantis Serinopa Meyrick)in Kerala :Occurrence and Seasonal Abundance(2007-02) Sathiamma, B.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.Item Record of Ankylopteryx Octopunctata Candida (Fabricius) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), as Egg and Larval Predator on Opisina Arenosella Wlk., The Leaf Eating Caterpillar of the Coconut Palm(1985) Sathiamma, B.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.Item Response of Oryctes Rhinoceros Larvae to Infection by Oryctes Baculovirus.(1985) Mohan, K.S.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.Three larval instars of Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) were infected with Oryctes baculovirus through contaminated feed. The primary external pathological symptom was translucency of the thorax. Internally, the midgut contained turbid fluid with flakes of sloughed-off epithelial tissue. Baculovirus infection in larvae could be diagnosed in Giemsa stained scrappings of the midgut epithelium, two days after inoculation, whereas bioassay test could detect infection on the third day. Median lethal dose (LD50) and weight of infected tissue containing one LD50 dose for all the three instars were computed. The second instar was the least susceptible to virus infection. The order of susceptibility among the instars was 1>III>II. Translucency was found to appear 3-4 days prior to death. Lethal infection period ranged from eleven to sixteen days. The thermal inactivation point of the virus in tissue suspension was at 56C.Item Spider Fauna on the Coconut Palm and their Role in the Biological Suppression of Opisina Arenosella Wlk.(1985) Sathiamma, B.; Jayapal, S.P.; Pillai, G.B.