Browsing by Author "Jayasekhar, S."
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Item Agri - Business Incubation for Small-holder Plantation Crops(2020) Muralidharan, K.; Jayasekhar, S.Item Analysis of Farmer Producer Organisations in the coconut sector: current scenario, limitations, and policy outlook(2024) Jayasekhar, S.; Thamban, C.; Chandran, K.P.; Lijo Thomas; Regi Jacob ThomasFarmer producer organisation is a crucial institutional innovation that aids small holders in overcoming the issues of diseconomies of scale. Nonetheless, prior experience in the coconut sector reveals that the success rates of such organisations are not as high as projected. This article begins by exploring the relevance of FPOs in the current agrarian context and gives a brief account of the evolution of such organisations in the coconut sector. The study also highlights the points for intervention and provides a critical analysis of the significance and justification for FPOs in the sector. It also includes the challenges and actionable strategies in a ready reckoner mode. The primary motivation for the formation of producer organisations in the coconut sector is to organise unorganized coconut farmers through collectives in order to promote their socioeconomic growth. The success of an FPO is heavily dependent on having a solid business plan, and scope for scalability. Inadequate working capital, including grants and credit, is a major limitation for the majority of FPOs. In this setting, it is critical to obtain bank loans at low interest rates. The development of a well recognised and valued brand is critical for the FPO's viability. Lack of professional leadership has a negative impact on FPOs in the coconut sector, and many have gone out of business as a result. To assist them, target based capacity-building programme to inculcate leadership attributes among FPO representatives should be conducted on a regular basis. Only a few FPOs in the coconut industry have looked into the prospect of gaining premium pricing through certification techniques and product traceability. This is due to a lack of both capacity and awareness. This problem must be addressed with ultimate priority. The FPOs must be trained to be self-sufficient and weaned off external assistance in a short period of time after the initiation. Therefore, FPOs should focus on increasing productivity per unit of land and shifting their current production focus to market-oriented output.Item Analysis of organic farming practices in cocoa in India(2015) Jaganathan, D.; Thamban, C.; Jose, C.T.; Jayasekhar, S.; Muralidharan, K; Chandran, K.P.Item Analysis of organic farming practices in coconut in South India(2013) Jaganathan, D.; Thamban, C.; Jose, C.T.; Jayasekhar, S.; Anitha Kumari, P.The study on analysis of organic farming practices was conducted among 150 coconut farmers selected randomly from five districts viz., Coimbatore and Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, Calicut and Trivandrum in Kerala and Tumkur in Karnataka during August 2011 to January 2012. Majority of farmers (64%) belonged to middle age category, 97 per cent of the farmers were literates and majority of them were having rich experience in coconut cultivation. Sixty seven per cent of farmers had less than 2 ha. area under coconut and 66 per cent farmers had livestock. Majority of them had medium level of social participation, extension orientation and mass media exposure. Less than one fifth of the farmers (17.3%) had undergone training on organic farming. Only 12 per cent of the farmers were maintaining farm records, only 23 per cent farmers carried out soil testing and very few of them (3.3%) had organic certification. The main reason for adopting organic farming practices was to maintain the soil fertility. Growing intercrops, green manure crops and mulching were the main agronomic practices adopted. Main organic inputs produced or prepared at the farm were crop residues, farm yard manure, cow dung slurry and vermicompost. Farm yard manure, neem cake, neem based insecticides, biofertilizers etc. were the major inputs which were purchased from outside. Majority of coconut farmers (68%) had medium level of knowledge on organic farming practices. The mean yield and productivity of coconut was found to be 93 nuts palm–1 year–1 and 13,140 nuts/ha respectively. Gross income from coconut was calculated as Rs. 717 palm–1 year–1 and Rs. 64,825 ha–1. Non-availability of labour, difficulty in controlling pests and diseases by organic methods and non-availability of quality organic inputs were the major constraints.Item Analyzing the trade competitiveness of Indian coconut sector in the liberalization regime(2016) Jayasekhar, S.; Chandran, K.P.; Thamban, C.; Jaganathan, D.; Muralidharan, K.Coconut export sector in India of late gained an outward orientation, especially since the Coconut Development Board was elevated to the status of export promotion council in the year 2009. In the recent period, the growth rate experienced in the coconut based value added products has been stupendous. Since there is an attempt for global value chain up-gradation at the production node of the sector, it is imperative to analyse our strengths in the world market in comparison with the major competitors. We have used the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) methodology to analyse India’s competitiveness in the exports of major coconut value added products traded across the world. The study revealed that, as far as the coconut value added products are concerned, India is comparatively a very small player with paltry export market shares. The analysis of RCA revealed that comparative advantage of India is lower than the major coconut exporting countries like Philippines, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The Philippines is the dominant player with highest RCA indices in most of the coconut value added product lines. The study suggests the need to formulate plausible strategies to reach the overseas market and capture the optimal share in market segments. Though we have a strong domestic market base, it is an indubitable fact that in the near future due to the evolving trade agreements even in the domestic sector we may confront fierce price competition from the overseas imports. Hence, we need to chalk out modalities and execution plans to elevate our export competitiveness and comparative advantage.Item Assimilating socio-economic perspective in designing crop sector technology interventions: A farmer participatory study on coconut sector in Kerala(2019-12) Thamban, C.; Lijo Thomas; Chandran, K.P.; Jayasekhar, S.; Rajesh, M.K; Jesmi Vijayan; Srinivasan, V.; Nair, K.M.; Anil Kumar, K. S.Item Chromosome scale genome assembly and annotation of coconut cultivar Chowghat Green Dwarf(2024) Rajesh, M.K.; Roli Budhwar; Rohit Shukla; Praveen Kumar Oraon; Shailendra Goel; Bobby Paul; Dr. Regi Jacob Thomas; Akshay Dinesh; Jayasekhar, S.; Chandran, K.P.; Muralikrishna, K.S; B. J. Nirmal Kumar; Alpana DasThe high-quality genome of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a crucial resource for enhancing agronomic traits and studying genome evolution within the Arecaceae family. We sequenced the Chowghat Green Dwarf cultivar, which is resistant to the root (wilt) disease, utilizing Illumina, PacBio, ONT, and Hi-C technologies to produce a chromosome-level genome of ~ 2.68 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 174 Mb; approximately 97% of the genome could be anchored to 16 pseudo-molecules (2.62 Gb). In total, 34,483 protein-coding genes were annotated; the BUSCO completeness score was 96.80%, while the k-mer completeness was ~ 87%. The assembled genome includes 2.19 Gb (81.64%) of repetitive sequences, with long terminal repeats (LTRs) constituting the most abundant class at 53.76%. Additionally, our analysis confirms two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events in the C. nucifera lineage. A genome-wide analysis of LTR insertion time revealed ancient divergence and proliferation of copia and gypsy elements. In addition, 1368 RGAs were discovered in the CGD genome. We also developed a web server ‘Kalpa Genome Resource’ (http://210.89.54.198:3000/), to manage and store a comprehensive array of genomic data, including genome sequences, genetic markers, structural and functional annotations like metabolic pathways, and transcriptomic profiles. The web server has an embedded genome browser to analyze and visualize the genome, its genomics elements, and transcriptome data. The in-built BLAST server allows sequence homology searches against genome, annotated transcriptome & proteome sequences. The genomic dataset and the database will support comparative genome analysis and can expedite genome-driven breeding and enhancement efforts for tapping genetic gains in coconut.Item Cocoa economy: an international perspective with special reference to Indain scenario(Indian Society for Plantation Crops, 2005) Jayasekhar, S.; Jose, C.T.; Sairam, C.V.; Arulraj, S.Item Coconut based farming system for higher income : Sucess story of a 'Kerakesari'(2014-07) Thamban, C.; Chandran, K.P.; Jayasekhar, S.Item Coconut blues: Tracing the reasons for looming crisis(2012-11) Jayasekhar, S.; Chandran, K.P.; Muralidharan, K.; Thamban, C.Item Coconut production in Kerala - trends, challenges and opportunities(2016) Thamban, C.; Jayasekhar, S.; Chandran, K.P.; Jaganathan, D.Item Coconut Reseach in india : Need of Stakeholders' Synergy for Prosperity(2016-04) Jayasekhar, S.; Thamban, C.Item Coconut Research and Development in Kerala:Achievements and Aspirations(2015-05) Chowdappa, P.; Krishnakumar, V.; Jayasekhar, S.Item Coconut Sector : Global Scenario and Indian Perspective(2016) Jayasekhar, S.; Thamban, C.Item Coconut Sector in India at the crossroads: a brief narrative(2021) Jayasekhar, S.; Neethumol JacobItem Coconut sector in India: Retrospection and Way Forward(2016-07) Chowdappa, P.; Jayasekhar, S.Item Coconut: national and international scenario(2017) Chowdappa, P.; Jayasekhar, S.Item Convergence Hypothesis: Some Dynamics and Explanations of Agricultural Growth across Indian States(2011) Jayasekhar, S.; Syam Prasad; Nirmal Roy, V.P.In the recent years there has been considerable emphasis on understanding the regional dimensions of economic growth in India within the convergence implications of neoclassical growth paradigm. The study has tested the convergence hypothesis in per capita agricultural output and foodgrains productivity across the major 15 states of India. During 1971-2007, Indian states have exhibited sigma divergence in per capita agricultural output. The study on relationship between initial foodgrain output and growth rates has shown a divergence pattern rather than convergence during 1971-1988, and we could observe a weak convergence during 1988-2007.Item Crop weather relationship in arecanut(2019-12) Jose, C.T.; Chandran, K.P.; Muralidharan, K; Jayasekhar, S.