Browsing by Author "Jose, C.T."

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    Analysis of organic farming practices in cocoa in India
    (2015) Jaganathan, D.; Thamban, C.; Jose, C.T.; Jayasekhar, S.; Muralidharan, K; Chandran, K.P.
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    Analysis of organic farming practices in coconut in South India
    (2013) Jaganathan, D.; Thamban, C.; Jose, C.T.; Jayasekhar, S.; Anitha Kumari, P.
    The study on analysis of organic farming practices was conducted among 150 coconut farmers selected randomly from five districts viz., Coimbatore and Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, Calicut and Trivandrum in Kerala and Tumkur in Karnataka during August 2011 to January 2012. Majority of farmers (64%) belonged to middle age category, 97 per cent of the farmers were literates and majority of them were having rich experience in coconut cultivation. Sixty seven per cent of farmers had less than 2 ha. area under coconut and 66 per cent farmers had livestock. Majority of them had medium level of social participation, extension orientation and mass media exposure. Less than one fifth of the farmers (17.3%) had undergone training on organic farming. Only 12 per cent of the farmers were maintaining farm records, only 23 per cent farmers carried out soil testing and very few of them (3.3%) had organic certification. The main reason for adopting organic farming practices was to maintain the soil fertility. Growing intercrops, green manure crops and mulching were the main agronomic practices adopted. Main organic inputs produced or prepared at the farm were crop residues, farm yard manure, cow dung slurry and vermicompost. Farm yard manure, neem cake, neem based insecticides, biofertilizers etc. were the major inputs which were purchased from outside. Majority of coconut farmers (68%) had medium level of knowledge on organic farming practices. The mean yield and productivity of coconut was found to be 93 nuts palm–1 year–1 and 13,140 nuts/ha respectively. Gross income from coconut was calculated as Rs. 717 palm–1 year–1 and Rs. 64,825 ha–1. Non-availability of labour, difficulty in controlling pests and diseases by organic methods and non-availability of quality organic inputs were the major constraints.
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    Application of nonparametric additive model for input-response analysis in arecanut
    (Indian Society for Plantation Crops, 2008) Jose, C.T.; Ravi Bhat
    The relationships between the inputs and response are very complex in crop production models. Problems like nonlinear relationships between inputs and responses, nonexistence of proper functional form to represent relationship between inputs and response variable and multi-collinearity are very common in crop production data. The traditional multiple linear regression technique may not be adequate in many situations to explain input output relationship. In this paper we have used nonparametric additive regression model to explain input output relationship in arecanut. The comparative study shows that the nonparametric additive modeling technique performed much better than the multiple linear regression technique to explain the input response relationship. The estimated values of the component functions provide the mean response of input variables on the yield of arecanut. The optimum value of the input variables is obtained from the graphical representation of the component functions. The present analysis of data from the two districts show that input response relationship vary depending on the agro-climatic conditions of the locations.
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    Application of nonparametric covariance analysis in field trial with reference to YLD management trial in arecanut
    (Indian Society for Plantation Crops, 2008-05) Jose, C.T.; Saraswathy, N.
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    Assessing soil fertility of a laterite soil in relation to yield of arecanut (Areca catechu L.) in humid tropics of India
    (2012) Ravi Bhat; Sujatha, S.; Jose, C.T.
    The purpose of the study was to determine optimum nutrient norms for laterite soils (Ultisols) and to assess quantitative relationship of soil fertility, leaf nutrients and nutrient uptake with yield of arecanut. At 0–30 cm soil depth, optimum nutrient concentration for P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B was established as 15, 192, 925, 179, 37, 88, 26, 5.5 and 1.4 mg kg−1, respectively. Optimum ranges for different nutrients were found out from second degree polynomial equations. Optimum nutrient values were higher for laterite soils in arecanut tract than generalized guidelines for interpretation of soil analysis data. Multivariate analysis of nutrient data indicated that nutrient uptake/removal would explain the variability in yield more than actual nutrient concentrations in soil and leaf with high degree of relation (R2=0.92–0.98). Stepwise regression analysis identified the soil and leaf nutrient variables with a significant influence on the kernel yield of arecanut. The loadings of principal component analysis were in confirmation with the correlations among the nutrient variables and yield. The study clearly establishes the direct and significant relationship between soil nutrient status/nutrient uptake and yield. The findings of the study give scope for precision agriculture and judicious use of inputs.
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    Bio-control based integrated disease management of basal stem rot disease of coconut
    (2016) Snehalatharani, A.; N. B. V. Chalapathi Rao; Ramanandam, G.; Maheswarappa, H.P.; Jose, C.T.; Padma, E.
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    Bio-control based integrated disease management of basal stem rot disease of coconut
    (2016) Snehalatharani, A.; N. B. V. Chalapathi Rao; Ramanandam, G.; Maheswarappa, H.P.; Jose, C.T.; Padma, E.
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    BORDEAUX MIXTURE - A UNIVERSAL BLEND FOR Phytophthora MANAGEMENT IN ARECANUT
    (2020) Thava Prakasa Pandian, R.; Shivaji Hausrao Thube; Chaithra, M.; Nagaraja, N.R.; Bhavishya; Ganesh N. Khadke; Jose, C.T.
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    Chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance and yield of cashew germplasm from three agro-climatic regions of South India
    (2011) Balasimha, D.; Ramalaxmi; Suchith Naik; Nayak, M.G.; Jeeva, S.; Narasimha Reddy, M.N.; Jose, C.T.
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    Cocoa economy: an international perspective with special reference to Indain scenario
    (Indian Society for Plantation Crops, 2005) Jayasekhar, S.; Jose, C.T.; Sairam, C.V.; Arulraj, S.
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    Crop weather relationship in arecanut
    (2019-12) Jose, C.T.; Chandran, K.P.; Muralidharan, K; Jayasekhar, S.
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    Crop year versus calendar year as basis for compiling annual yield in coconut
    (2007-02-08) Jacob Mathew; Gopalasundaram, P.; George, M.V.; Vijayakumar, K.; Jose, C.T.
    Coconuts are harvested throughout the year at an interval of about 30-60 days and the annual yield is the number of nuts obtained in a 12 month period. Two different methods of compilation of annual yield data showed that the year to year variation is more pronounced in the case of calendar year tabulation, as compared to agricultural years. When two year averages were taken, these differences were found to come down. With the help of experimental data, it has been shown that conclusions drawn can be different depending on the method of compilation of annual yield data. Analysis of mean yield for two consecutive years is suggested to overcame this problem.
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    An economic analysis of temporal price instability and supply response in arecanut
    (2004) Jayasekhar, S.; Jose, C.T.; Sairam, C.V.
    The present study is partly a methodological attempt where a non-parametric regression frame was used to analyze the time series dataon arecanut. Sudden changelshift points were observed in price, area and production data of arecanut by fitting kemel weighed IMBl linear regression with dummy variables for shift. The data has been classified into different periods based on the shift points. The differential growth rates and trends in various periods are substantiated based on available literame- obselvations and assumptions. Three shift points (four periods) were observed in price data two shift points (three periods) in area and one shift point (two periods) in production and productivity. Although the prices were stable after the drastic fall in 1972-73, from mid-eightyies onwards, frequent price fluctuations were observed. Commercialization of arecanut trade made the marketing system highly complicated and conducive for the trade manipulations. The price instability revealed in the irregular time series component proved the poor market intelligence in arecanut trade.
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    Economic impact of arecanut based cropping systems: A study of Dakshina Kannada district-Karnataka
    (2012) Jayasekhar, S.; Jose, C.T.; Thamban, C.; Muralidharan, K.
    The present study was to quantify the economic impact of arecanut based cropping systems in south Karnataka region. It was observed that, farmers are predominantly following three different cropping systems such as 1) arecanut+banana 2)arecanut+cocoa and 3) arecanut+banana+pepper other than arecanut alone as monocrop. These systems were compared with the arecanut monocrop and found that the percentage increase in net returns from systems 1, 2 and 3 over monocrop were 32, 40 and 44 respectively. It was observed that, the percentage adoption of arecanut monocrop was 26, while it was 36, 11 and 27 for system 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The economic impact of different cropping systems were estimated by calculating the average cost per hectare, average yield and the net returns of each cropping system. The economic impact of each system has been worked out by combining the difference in net returns of each system from the arecanut monocrop, and percentage of adoption of each cropping system. The total economic impact in monetary terms due to adoption of cropping systems in the region was found to be Rs.819 million. The methodology used in this study for quantifying the economic impact of arecanut based cropping systems could be used in other cropping systems as well. Moreover, the quantified economic impact figures could be used as an input for formulating policy decisions related to arecanut.
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    Effect of mixed crops on arecanut yield
    (2001) Ravi Bhat; Reddy, V.M.; Jose, C.T.
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    Farmers' Participatory Demonstration On Arecanut Based Cropping System -A Success Story
    (2017) Jaganathan, D.; Nagaraja, N.R.; Jose, C.T.; Rajkumar; Ananda, K.S.; Thamban, C.
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    Forecasting of arecanut market price in north eastern India: ARIMA modelling approach
    (2013-12) Sandip Shil; Acharya, G.C.; Jose, C.T.; Muralidharan, K.; Sit, A.K.; George V. Thomas
    The paper deals with forecasting of minimum, maximum and average arecanut (Areca catechu L.) prices in the major arecanut markets of the Assam as well as Meghalaya based on the monthly price data. Monthly minimum, maximum, and average market price data of arecanut (in Rs./quintal) for the period May-2003 to March-2012 (for Assam) and February-2003 to March-2012 (for Meghalaya) were used. Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methodology was adopted for developing the models. An interrupted time-series model was also applied to resolve the problem of intervention point (October-2011) for Meghalaya price data. The proposed models were ARIMA (1, 0, 1), ARIMA (1, 1, 1), ARIMA (0, 1, 1) (for Assam market price data series) and, log ARIMA (0, 1, 1), log ARIMA (1, 0, 1) with linear trend and a man-made intervention (Oct-2011) and log ARIMA (0, 1, 1) with linear trend and a manmade intervention (Oct-2011) (for Meghalaya market price data series) for minimum, maximum, and average monthly price series, respectively.
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    Genotypic variations in chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance of cocoa in relation to drought tolerance
    (2013-04) Balasimha, D.; Elain Apshara, S.; Jose, C.T.
    Cocoa plants are susceptible to environmental conditions, especially temperature and drought. The chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal characteristics indicated the high adaptation of cocoa leaves to under-storey conditions. The present study was carried out to access the level of drought tolerance in newly introduced genotypes of cocoa. In general, the chlorophyll fluorescence indices and stomatal conductance were significantly decreased during stress period as compared to non-stress period. There were significant variations in these parameters among different genotypes. Similarly, the leaf water potential was also reduced and showed genotypic variations. The results based on cluster analysis indicated existence of 11 groups, based on Rescaled Value Distance (Euclidian distance 5). Among the cocoa clones, AMZ-10/A, AMZ-12 and AM-3/9 were most susceptible to drought. The most tolerant genotypes based on the difference in physiological variables and rank sums were in group 2, which included RIM-189, RIM-2, RB-49, RB-47 and JA-1/19. The results indicated genetic variability in cocoa in response to drought stress.