Browsing by Author "Kamalakshi Amma, P.G."
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Item Agronomic and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Root (Wilt) Affected Coconut Gardens(2002-02) Maheswarappa, H.P.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.Item Agronomic and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Root (Wilt] Affected Coconut Gardens(2002-02) Maheswarappa, H.P.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.Item Appraisal of the distribution of coconut root wilt and heavy incidence of the disease in Cumbum Valley of Tamil Nadu(2007-02-08) Srinivasan, N.; Koshy, P.K.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Sasikala, M.; Gunasekaran, M.; Solomon, J.J.Item Boron deficiency in coconut (Cocos nucifera L)(2007-02-08) Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Shanavas, M.; Prema, D.Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants. It helps in division and multiplication of meristematic tissues. Boron deficient palms exhibit different disorder symptoms. In coconut, the deficiency of boron causes various malformations, thereby decreasing the productivity substantially. In seedlings the deficiency symptoms are manifested by unopened and crinkled leaves, rachis with necrotic tips, bare and necrotic leaf stalk with short stubby leaves, production of hardy leaflets with asymmetrical arrangements, rachis with longitudinal/transverse cracking etc. In adult palms the deficiency resulted in the production of branched spikes, premature death of inflorescence, production of inflorescence with lesser female flowers, shedding of female flowers, cracking of nuts externally/internally with meat protruding towards the mesocarp and barren nuts with partial/ unevenly developed kernel having poor quality copra. The malformations may be exhibited either singly or by various combinations based on the intensity of the deficiency. Studies conducted at C.P.C.R.I (RS), Kayangulam showed that these symptoms of boron deficiency could be cured by application of 300g and 500g borax to the seedlings and adult palms respectively along with the recommended dose of fertilizers. This paper discusses the various symptoms of boron deficiency and its management.Item Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as a low cost input green manure crop for basin management under coconut root (wilt) garden(2003-09) Maheswarappa, H.P.; Anitha Kumari, P.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Shanavas, M.Practicing eco-friendly low cost input technology in a viable option for increasing the productivity of crop. Growing Cowpea, a green manure legume crop as cover in coconut basin is found to be one of the standardized low cost input techniques in root wilt affected garden for sustainable productivity. The author Maheswarappa projects the benefit of growing cowpea in coconut garden.Item Effect of application of N, P, K, Ca and Mg on young West Coast Tall palms in the root (wilt) affected area(2007-02-08) Robert Cecil, S.; Pillai, N.G.; Mathew, A.S.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.The response to three levels of N, P and K and two levels of Ca and Mg by WCT palms from the seedling stage was studied in a 33 x 22 factorial split experiment conducted in loamy sand soil at CPCRI, Regional Station, Kayangulam since 1970. The fertiliser levels (adult) are: 500,750, 1000 g N; 300, 450, 600gP2O5; 1000, 1500, 2000 g K20; 0, 12.5 kg Ca (OH)2 and 0, 500 g MgO. The lime was applied broadcast uniformly and ploughed in, while the other fertilisers were applied only in the basins. The effect of application of N was found significant in increasing the height of seedlings during the first year but not during the later years. The main effect of P was not found favourable on any of the characters. The effect of K was significant in increasing the girth at collar only during the third year. The response to Ca was significant in increasing the height of seedlings during the third year, but was highly significant on the number of functioning leaves during the fourth year. The main effect of Mg was highly significant in increasing the girth at collar, height, number of leaves produced, number of functioning leaves, early flowering and the cumulative yield of nuts harvested upto the seventh year. Irrespective of the treatments given, 19% of the palms had contracted the root (wilt) till December, 1977.Item Effect of borax application on young coconut palms(2005) Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Shanavas, M.; Prema, D.; Jacob MathewItem Effect of major nutrients on the incidence of root (wilt) disease in coconut(2007-02-08) Robert Cecil, S.; Pillai, N.G.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Mathew, A.S.; Nambiar, P.T.N.Studies on the effect of application of N,P,K, Ca and Mg, from die time of planting in the main field at Kayangnlam, on the incidence and severity of root (wilt) disease in West Coast Tall palms indicated that, young palms are more susceptible to the disease at the onset of bearing. When young palms under good management contracted the disease before flowering, the onset of bearing was delayed by about 12 months. The frond production rate and the number of functioning leaves on the crown are considerably reduced in diseased palms. Among the nutrients, Mg significantly increased the expression of both these characters thereby preventing the reduction in growth due to the disease. The disease caused about 60 per cent reduction in yield in the early bearing period. The mean yields of healthy and diseased palms at the 10th year of planting were 58.8 and 23.8 nuts/palm respectively. The disease caused about 12 per cent reduction in copra weight per nut while the reduction in oil content was not significant.Item Effect of major nutrients on the incidence of root (wilt) disease in coconut(1982-12) Robert Cecil, S.; Pillai, N.G.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Mathew, A.S.; Nambiar, P.T.N.Studies on the effect of application of N,P,K, Ca and Mg, from die time of planting in the main field at Kayangnlam, on the incidence and severity of root (wilt) disease in West Coast Tall palms indicated that, young palms are more susceptible to the disease at the onset of bearing. When young palms under good management contracted the disease before flowering, the onset of bearing was delayed by about 12 months. The frond production rate and the number of functioning leaves on the crown are considerably reduced in diseased palms. Among the nutrients, Mg significantly increased the expression of both these characters thereby preventing the reduction in growth due to the disease. The disease caused about 60 per cent reduction in yield in the early bearing period. The mean yields of healthy and diseased palms at the 10th year of planting were 58.8 and 23.8 nuts/palm respectively. The disease caused about 12 per cent reduction in copra weight per nut while the reduction in oil content was not significant.Item Effect of mixed cropping with cacao in coconut root (wilt) affected garden(1982) Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Sethumadhava Menon, K.; Patil, P.B.; Sadanandan, A.K.Mixed cropping of cacao increased the soil fertility. There was no further deterioration of re the disease condition of the in palms. Increase in yield of palms was 30%. Net income was maximum when double hedge system id of planting cacao was adopted.Item Effect of mixed cropping with cacao in coconut root (wilt) affected garden(2007-02-08) Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Sethumadhava Menon, K.; Patil, P.B.; Sadanandan, A.K.Mixed cropping of cacao increased the soil fertility. There jy was no further deterioration of re the disease condition of the in palms. Increase in yield of palms ie was 30%. Net income was maxi-to mum when double hedge system id of planting cacao was adopted.Item Effect of zinc and molybdenum on root (wilt) affected coconut palms(2007-02-08) Mathew, A.S.; Jose, A.I.; Jose Abraham; Robert Cecil, S.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.Item Effect of zinc and molybdenum on root (wilt) affected coconut palms(1986) Mathew, A.S.; Jose, A.I.; Jose Abraham; Robert Cecil, S.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.Item Foliar yellowing of coconut palms in healthy and root (wilt) affected areas(1979-12) Thomas Varkey; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Ramanandan, P.L.; Nambiar, P.T.N.An attempt had been made to check the foliar yellowing by applying different nutrients and also its effect on growth and yield of affected palms. Foliar sprays with 2% MgSO4 and 1 % FeSCO4, and basal application of MgSO4 reduced foliar yellowing by 26% in diseased palms and 87 % in healthy palms. In diseased palms the application increased yield by 106% while in healthy palms, the increase was 95%.Item Foliar yellowing of coconut palms in healthy and root (wilt) affected areas(2007-02) Thomas Varkey; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Ramanandan, P.L.; Nambiar, P.T.N.An attempt had been made to check the foliar yellowing by applying different nutrients and also its effect on growth and yield of affected palms. Foliar sprays with 2% MgSC>4 and 1 % FeSCO4, and basal application of MgSO4 reduced foliar yellowing by 26% in diseased palms and 87 % in healthy palms. In diseased palms the application increased yield by 106% while in healthy palms, the increase was 95%.Item Impact of root (wilt) disease on the yield of young coconut palms(2007-02) Jacob Mathew; Gopinathan Pillai, N.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Robert Cecil, S.When young West Coast Tall palms under regular fertiliser management contracted the disease during the pre-bearing period, the onset of bearing was found to be delayed. While about 90 per cent of the healthy palms flowered by the end of the eighth year, it was only around 70 per cent in palms which contracted disease during the pre-bearing stage. About 18 per cent of these diseased palms did not flower even up to the thirteenth year. Decline in yield was faster in palms which became diseased in later years. In general, about 45 per cent decline in yield was observed in diseased palms, during the course of 10 years, compared to the yield of healthy palms, while in palms which were diseased during the initial years, this loss was to the extent of 68 per cent. In Dwarf x Tall palms though the occurrence of disease was at a slower rate the increase in the disease index was higher compared to that in WCT palms. The diseased Dwarf x Tall palms, in general were giving about 60 per cent lower yields, compared to the healthy palms.Item Incidence of myllocerus cur vicornis (f.) In relation to nutritional status of coconut palms(2007-02) Ponnamma, K.N.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Kurian, C.; Nambiar, P.T.N.Myllocerus curvicornis (F.) is a new pest on coconut. It was observed damaging coconut foliage. This paper presents-the observation of its abundance in relation to nutritional status of Dwarf x Tall palms. Results revealed that pest intensity was significantly higher in N2P2K2 Plots man to N1P1K1; the precentage of infestation being 54.68%, 71.21% and 68.31% for N1P1K1, N2P2K2 and N3P3K3, respectively.Item Influence of integrated nutrient management and high density multi-species cropping system on soil properties, plant nutrition and yield in root (wilt) affected coconut palms(2007-02) Maheswarappa, H.P.; Shanavas, M.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Anitha Kumari, P.A field experiment was conducted at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (Regional Station), Kayamkulam, Kerala, India to study the effect of integrated nutrient management and high density multi-species cropping system in root (wilt) affected garden on root (wilt) index, yield of coconut palms and soil properties. The experimental results indicated that, there was improvement in soil properties like water holding capacity, organic carbon, major and micronutrient status of the soil due to adoption of integrated nutrient management practices and high density multi-species cropping system. There was improvement in the yield of the palms under different root (wilt) diseased palms coupled with reduction in root (wilt) indices due to reduction in root (wilt) symptoms especially yellowing. The increase in nut yield (five years average) was to the tune of 54.5%, 52%, 48.3% and 40.9% under apparently healthy, disease early, disease middle and disease advanced palms in comparison with pre-experimpntal yield.Item Management of Diseased Gardens(2007-02) Pillai, N.G.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.Item Mineral Nutrition of Root (Wilt) Affected Coconut Palm(2007-02) Pillai, N.G.; Balakrishnan Nambiar, C.K.; Mathew, A.S.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Robert Cecil; Ramanandan, P.L.; Kamala Devi, C.B.; Wahid, P.A.The mineral nutrition of root (wilt) affected coconut palm was thoroughly investigated by carrying out a nutritional survey, collecting soil and leaf samples of perfeotly healthy and diseased palms covering all the major coconut growing soil groups of Kerala State. The chemical analyses of these samples for both macro and micronutrients confirmed the accumulation of NPK in diseased palms. Nitrogen status of soils of disease affected tracts is higher -than that of Healthy soils. Among the secondary nutrients, deficiency of S is. evident. Imbalances in cationio ratios viz. K/Na, K/Mg, K/(Ca+Mg) and K/(Na+Ca+Mg): and anionio ratios via. P/S and N/S are quite apparent. Similarly, the defioienoies of Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn in particular in diseased palms are the other findings of great importance.