Browsing by Author "Krishnakumar, V."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 85
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    Agricultural management in coastal agro-ecosystem problems and prospects
    (2004) Rajagopal, V.; Krishnakumar, V.
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    Agro-management Practices for Sustainable Coconut Production
    (2018) George V. Thomas; Krishnakumar, V.; Dhanapal, R.; Srinivasa Reddy, D.V.
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    Analysis of genetic diversity in coconut and its conservation in root (wilt) disease affected areas of Kerala: A community participatory approach
    (2013) Thomas, R.J.; Rajesh, M.K.; Kalavati, S.; Krishnakumar, V.; George, D.J.; Jose, M.; Nair, R.V.
    Root (wilt) disease is a major constraint to coconut production in Kerala State. Conserving ecotypes with resistance or tolerance to the disease on a community basis is essential to sustain coconut production in the root (wilt) disease prevalent areas. Three communities viz., Pathiyoor and Devikulangara (Alappuzha District) and Thodiyoor (Kollam District) were selected and a survey was conducted with the participation of stakeholders, to characterize the local coconut ecotypes. Six ecotypes comprising of four talls and two dwarfs were identified and morphological data revealed that the local Jappanan ecotype closely resembled Evoor Green Tall ecotype. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) analysis in 90 selected coconut palms representing the six ecotypes using 14 markers indicated that the observed heterozygosity was higher in tall ecotypes (0.179-0.365) compared to the dwarfs (0.03-0.07). Lower values for observed heterozygosity compared to the expected heterozygosity in tall ecotypes are indications of genetic basis for disease resistance observed in diseasefree mother palms. Molecular characterization helped in identifying diverse coconut ecotypes having application in production of vigorous hybrids. In the dendrogram constructed using nut character data, three of the tall ecotypes (Green Tall, Brown Tall and Brick Red Tall) clustered together whereas Jappanan clustered separately. Mantel s correlation test using the ZT software revealed significant correlation (0.96) between the SSR data and morphological data.
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    Arecanut Based Cropping/Farming Systems
    (CPCRI, 2011) George V. Thomas; Krishnakumar, V.; Maheswarappa, H.P.; Ravi Bhat; Balasimha, D.
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    Bio- cleansing of coconut palms infested by Rugose spiralling whitefly
    (2018-01) Josephrajkumar, A.; Chandrika Mohan; Poorani, J; Merin Babu; Krishnakumar, V.
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    Bio-suppression of Coconut Scale Insects - Success Story
    (2019-12) Chandrika Mohan; Joseph Rajkumar, A.; Anes, K.M.; Krishnakumar, V.
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    Coconut based farming system for livelihood and nutritional security
    (2017-03) Maheswarappa, H.P.; Subramanian, P.; Krishnakumar, V.; Ravi Bhat
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    Coconut and Ecosystem Service
    (2017-10) Krishnakumar, V.
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    Coconut Based Cropping/Farming Systems
    (CPCRI, 2010-12) George V. Thomas; Krishnakumar, V.; Maheswarappa, H.P.; Palaniswami, C.
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    Coconut Research and Development in Kerala:Achievements and Aspirations
    (2015-05) Chowdappa, P.; Krishnakumar, V.; Jayasekhar, S.
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    Coconut sector in Kerala economy - role, peformance & contribution
    (1) George V. Thomas; Nair, C.P.R.; Krishnakumar, V.
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    Coconut varieties tolerant to root (wilt) disease
    (2014) Regi J. Thomas; Shareefa, M.; Krishnakumar, V.; Chowdappa, P.
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    Coconut, an Imminent Solution for Soil Pollution
    (2018) Krishnakumar, V.
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    Coconut-growing soils of Kerala: 2. Assessment of fertility and soil related constraints to coconut production
    (2018) Nair, K.M; Abdul Haris, A.; Jeena Mathew; Srinivasan, V.; Dinesh, R.; Hamza, H.; Subramanian, P.; Thamban, C.; Chandran, K.P.; Krishnakumar, V.; Ravi Bhat; Hegde, R.; Singh, S.K.
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    Community Based Adoption of Intercropping in Coconut Based Farming Systems of Kerala with Special Reference to Tuber Crops
    (2013) Kalavathi, S.; Krishnakumar, V.; Thomas, R.J.; George V. Thomas; Anithakumari, P.
    Tuber crops are highly suitable for intercropping in coconut gardens at all growth stages. Hence these crops were included as the major intercrops for enhancing the livelihood security of coconut farmers under two projects funded by International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)/The Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT) and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) operated through Community Based Organizations (CBOs) under the aegis of Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI). The projects were implemented in four coconut communities,Thekkekkara (under NABARD), Pathiyoor, and Devikulangara of Alappuzha District and Thodiyoor of Kollam District of Kerala (IFAD). Data related to area under intercrops, extent of adoption, income derived from the intercrops and the utilization pattern were recorded before and after the project using a standardized questionnaire template during 2005-2012 period. Data collection was done through personal interview with 609 CBO members and the data were coded and analysed using SPSS. All the four coconut communities indicated significant increase in the area and percentage of holdings under tuber crops and income from tuber crops alone as well as other short duration intercrops in general over the project period. The overall data for all the four communities revealed 3.7 fold increase in area under tuber crops alone and 29% increase in the holdings under adoption of tuber crops, whereas it was 2.2 fold and 24% in the case of intercrops in general. The share of income from tuber crops to total intercrop income increased from 49 to 60% in Thekkekkara, while that of the other three communities in general remained the same (72%) over the project period. The pre and post utilization pattern in terms of the value of product revealed increase in all categories- sold, consumed, supplied in kind and seed material- for tubers alone and intercrops together in all the four communities. In general, the area, production as well as income from tuber crops showed significant improvements through community based adoption. The proportion of tuber crops consumed was much higher (more than 60% of the total production) in Thekkekkara, while more than 50% of the total production was sold in the other areas. The results thus highlight the scope of intensifying the cultivation of tuber crops as food and cash crops to enhance the livelihood security of the coconut farmers.
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    Conservation of Biological Control and Bioscavenging: in Rugose Spiralling Whitefly Management in Coconut
    (2019) Joseph Rajkumar, A.; Chandrika Mohan; Merin Babu; Krishnakumar, V.
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    Diversification for Livelyhood Security:Experiences from Major Coconut Growing Countries
    (2012) Kalavathi, S.; Erlene Manohar; Peyanoot Naka; Vo Van Long; Krishnakumar, V.; Thomas, R.J.; George V. Thomas; Maria Luz George
    This paper presents the success of community based organizations in achieving sustainability in marginal coconut holdings through diversification of crops and enterprises along with conservation of local varieties.The project was implemented in 19 communities of 10 coconut growing countries and findings from four major coconut growing countries, which had significant project outcome- India, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam -are discussed in the present paper.All the four major coconut growing countries recorded a significant difference in total household income over the project period.Among the four countries,India and Philippines had a significant difference in mean income derived from intercrops,India and Thailand for livestock integration and India and Vietnam for off-farm activities. Herfindahl index for indicating economic diversity of households revealed a significant diversification of income for India as well as the overall data for the four countries. A higher level of education and more available land also positively influenced total income.In general, improvements in income were better with bigger-sized farms and households, with male household heads.The overall data revealed significant improvement in food and nutritional security with clearest impacts in India and Philippines due to project efforts. Participation of women in trainings and interventions was the highest in India, followed by Thailand.
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    Diversification of coconut based farming system through community based organizations for income generation and sustaining productivity
    (2013-12) Krishnakumar, V.; Kalavathi, S.; Regi Jacob Thomas; George V. Thomas
    Community based organizations (CBO) were formed in three coconut growing areas in Kerala during 2005-2008 and through farmer participatory process, various technological interventions for diversification of cropping system appropriate to the local community as well as subsidiary enterprises were taken up for income generation. The interventions included (a) intercropping with various crop species (cash and food security crops) aiming at year round farm income, (b) subsidiary enterprise comprising of animal husbandry component, (c) product diversification and value addition of coconut and intercrops as well as, (d) recycling of waste biomass through vermicomposting. The project not only brought out significant change in area put under crop diversification by way of inter/mixed cropping, but also in the average income derived from such farming system. Significant improvement in income was achieved through crop and enterprise diversification. While inclusion of various intercrops improved the share by 83 per cent compared to the income from coconut alone, it was up by 195 per cent when subsidiary enterprises like rearing of live stock and value addition were also considered, thus indicating the sustainability of crop and enterprise diversification in the project areas. The significant reduction in the value of Herfindahl Index, a measure of diversification, from 0.70 to 0.57 signified the improvement in the extent of diversification in various CBOs. Diversification of crops and adoption of coconut-based subsidiary enterprises through CBOs were found to be ideal strategies for sustaining productivity and rural upliftment in terms of income generation.
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    Diversification of livelihood for the marginal coconut farmers: A replicable model
    (2010) Kalavathi, S.; Krishnakumar, V.; Regi Jacob Thomas; George V. Thomas; Maria Luz George