Browsing by Author "Maheshwarappa, H.P."

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    Evaluation of African oil palm germplasm for drought tolerance
    (2014-08) Sanjeevraddi G. Reddi; Patil, D.R.; Maheshwarappa, H.P.; Arulraj, S.; Mastana Reddy, B.G.; Chandravathi, B.
    A field experiment was conducted at ARS Campus, Gangavati, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot to evaluate the oil palm genotypes for drought tolerance under medium black soils of Tungabhadra Command area of Karnataka. Nine oil palm genotypes were collected from Zambia and Tanzania for drought tolerance studies under rainfed conditions. The genotype ZS-3 recorded significantly higher fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield 7.0 t ha-1 over Z-6, ZS-8, ZS-8, ZS-9, TS-5 and TS-7. Number of bunches were significantly higher in the genotypes ZS-3 (4.4) followed by ZS-1 (4.1) and ZS-9 (4.0). Bunch weight was significantly higher in the genotype ZS-3 (11.2 kg bunch-1) followed by ZS-5 (10.8 kg bunch-1) and ZS-6 (9.4 kg bunch-1). The number of fruits per bunch was significantly higher in the genotype ZS-8 (3031) over all other genotypes. The number of male inflorescence was lower with the genotype ZS-5 and TS-5 (7.8 and 8.0 respectively). The number of female inflorescence was higher with the genotypes ZS-3 and TS-5 (7.0 and 7.0, respectively). Per cent sex ratio was higher with the genotype TS-5 and ZS-5 (46.2 and 44.8, respectively). The genotype ZS-1 and ZS-5 recorded higher annual leaf production of 21.4 and 20.3, respectively. The genotype ZS-1 recorded significantly lower number of leaf scorched per palm of 2.2 over other genotypes but it was on par with genotype ZS-3 (3.6). The data on various physiological and biochemical parameters revealed that the genotype ZS-1 and ZS-3 recorded higher relative water content, lower electrolyte leaching and significantly lower peroxidase activity indicatingrelatively more stress tolerant than other tested genotypes.
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    Influence of organic sources of nutrients on vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) as an intercrop in coconut garden
    (2016-08) Maheshwarappa, H.P.; Krishnakumar, V.; Alka Gupta; Geetha Kumari, A.
    Performance of vanilla, as influenced by organic source of nutrition when grown as intercrop in coconut garden, was studied in sandy loam soil at ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala for seven years. Field experiments were carried out with different sources of organic manures, recommended NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. Application of cow dung slurry (6 tonnes ha-1) resulted in vigorous growth of vine (vine length of 5.5 m) and higher number of beans per vine (208) and a significantly higher mean fresh yield of bean (1.87 kg vine-1). Application of vermicompost (5 kg plant-1) + biofertilizers (Bacillus and Azospirillum) and vermiwash were on par and recorded mean fresh yield of 1.47 kg vine-1 and 1.30 kg vine-1, respectively. Control treatment without fertilizer application recorded significantly lower fresh bean yield (0.55 kg vine-1) due to lower number of beans per vine (72 nos.). In the rhizosphere of vanilla, no significant difference for either bacterial or actinomycetes population was noticed among the treatments. The fungal population differed significantly among the treatments and the highest population level was found with application of biogas slurry (62.1x103 cfu g-1 soil),which was on par with application of cow dung slurry (59x103 cfu g-1 soil). Among the function specific microbial communities, the highest population of P-solubilisers (98x103 cfu g-1 soil) was recorded in the biogas slurry treatment, and it was the lowest in control and vermiwash application treatments. The average coconut yield realized during experimental period (2004-05 to 2009-10)
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    Intercropping of medicinal and aromatic crops in adult coconut garden under Brahmaputra valley region of Assam
    (2015-04) Nath, J.C.; Deka, K.K.; Saud, B.K.; Maheshwarappa, H.P.
    A field experiment conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Kahikuchi of Assam Agricultural University revealed the performance of medicinal and aromatic plants grown as intercrops in 32 year old Assam Green Tall coconut garden. There were three medicinal plants viz., sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina), pipali (Piper longum) and vedailota (Paederia foetida) and two aromatic plants viz., citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) and patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) in the experiment. The yield of all the medicinal and aromatic plants grown as intercrop in coconut garden were found to be reduced compared to their sole crop yields. The reduction in yield was less in patchouli (5.2%), followed by vedailota (7.0%), sarpagandha (8.9%), pipali (9.0%) and citronella (16.8%). The nut yield of coconut improved with intercropping with medicinal and aromatic crops. The piperine content in pipali, alkaloids in sarpagandha and essential oil content in patchouli were significantly reduced when grown as intercrops in coconut garden as compared to sole crop. However, the iridoid glycosides in vedailota and essential oil content in citronella were not significantly influenced by intercropping. Intercropping system of growing with patchouli under coconut recorded the highest net income (`178,089 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.26) followed by sarpagandha (`157,484 ha-1 and 3.09), pipali (`113,118 ha-1 and 2.62), citronella (` 107,432 ha-1 and 2.40) and vedailota (`100,382 ha-1 and 2.36). Hence, intercropping of patchouli, sarpagandha and pipali with coconut can be recommended for Assam condition.
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    Lakhi Baug for realizing maximum income from coconut
    (2014-10) Nagwekar, D.D.; Haldankar, P.M.; Jadhav, B.B.; Arulraj, S.; Maheshwarappa, H.P.
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    Performance of medicinal and aromatic plants as intercrops in coconut plantations in Konkan region of Maharashtra
    (2013-12) Nagwekar, D.D.; Sawant, V.S.; Haldankar, P.M.; Jadhav, B.B.; Arulraj, S.; Maheshwarappa, H.P.
    A field experiment was conducted at Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye, Ratnagiri (AICRP on Palms) during 2006-2011 to develop appropriate cropping system with medicinal and aromatic plants as intercrops compatible with coconut. The experiment consisted ‘shatavari’ (Asparagus racemosus), ‘adulasa’ (Adhatoda vasica), arrowroot (Maranta arundincea), lemon grass (Cymbopogum citratus) and citronella (Cymbopogum winterianus) replicated four times in randomized block design. The yield of different medicinal/aromatic plants was maximum in lemon grass (31 t ha-1) followed by citronella (22 t ha-1), arrowroot (16 t ha-1), adulsa (2.1 t ha-1) and shatavari (0.8 t ha-1). The yield of intercrops in terms of coconut equivalent yield was higher with lemongrass (7750 nuts ha-1) followed by arrowroot (6000 nuts ha-1), adulasa (4725 nuts ha-1), citronella (4125 nuts ha-1) and shatavari (3500 nuts ha-1). The yield of coconut increased from 12 to 21 per cent after planting the intercrops. The net return was maximum in coconut + lemongrass (Rs. 96,200/ - per ha) followed by coconut + arrowroot (Rs. 93,200/- per ha), coconut + shatavari (Rs. 83,300/- per ha), coconut + adulasa (Rs. 78,300/- per ha) and coconut + citronella (Rs. 73,800/- per ha). Further, it was observed that shatavarin and saponins in shatavari, alkaloid in adulasa, citranol in citronella and sugar in arrowroot were higher with intercropping whereas citral in lemon grass slightly reduced with intercropping. Considering the performance of different medicinal crops as intercrop and market demand, arrowroot, lemongrass, adulasa, citronella and shatavari have been recommended as intercrops in coconut plantation for Konkan region of Maharashtra.
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    Productivity and nutrient status of coconut (Cocos nucifera) as influenced by integrated nutrient management with vermicomposted coconut leaves
    (2014-09) Maheshwarappa, H.P.; George V. Thomas; Alka Gupta; Ravi Bhat; Palaniswami, C.
    A long-term field investigation was carried out during 2001 to 2010 at Vittal (Karnataka) in a 22 year old coconut garden under laterite soil to study the impact of inorganic fertilizer substitutions by vermicompost (VC) on productivity and profitability of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). The treatments, viz. recommended inorganic fertilizer (500 g N, 320 g P and 1200 g K/palm/year), 25% of N in the form of VC (9.6 kg/palm) + 75% of NPK, 50% N in the form of VC (19.2 kg/palm) + 50% of NPK, 75% in the form of VC (28.8 kg/palm) + 25% NPK and 100% N in the form of VC alone (38.5 kg/palm) were imposed in randomized block design. Annual leaf production did not differ significantly among the treatments; however, integrated treatments resulted in higher number of leaves (12 no.). Six years pooled data on nut yield indicated that, application of vermicompost in combination with inorganic fertilizer either at 25% of N + 75% NPK (64.5 nuts/palm/year) or 50% of N + 50% NPK (66.2 nuts/palm/year) resulted in significantly higher nut yield. There was improvement in the nutrient status of coconut leaves with integrated nutrient management practices compared to inorganic or organic manure alone application. The soil organic carbon build up was observed with application of 50% N or more in the form of vermicompost compared to the other treatments. Microbial population in respect of fungi and phosphate solubilizes were higher when vermicompost was applied.