Browsing by Author "Muralidharan, K."
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Item 3rd International Symposium on Coconut Research and Development(2016) Chowdappa, P.; Muralidharan, K.; Samsudeen, K.; Rajesh, M.K.Item Agri - Business Incubation for Small-holder Plantation Crops(2020) Muralidharan, K.; Jayasekhar, S.Item Analyzing the trade competitiveness of Indian coconut sector in the liberalization regime(2016) Jayasekhar, S.; Chandran, K.P.; Thamban, C.; Jaganathan, D.; Muralidharan, K.Coconut export sector in India of late gained an outward orientation, especially since the Coconut Development Board was elevated to the status of export promotion council in the year 2009. In the recent period, the growth rate experienced in the coconut based value added products has been stupendous. Since there is an attempt for global value chain up-gradation at the production node of the sector, it is imperative to analyse our strengths in the world market in comparison with the major competitors. We have used the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) methodology to analyse India’s competitiveness in the exports of major coconut value added products traded across the world. The study revealed that, as far as the coconut value added products are concerned, India is comparatively a very small player with paltry export market shares. The analysis of RCA revealed that comparative advantage of India is lower than the major coconut exporting countries like Philippines, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The Philippines is the dominant player with highest RCA indices in most of the coconut value added product lines. The study suggests the need to formulate plausible strategies to reach the overseas market and capture the optimal share in market segments. Though we have a strong domestic market base, it is an indubitable fact that in the near future due to the evolving trade agreements even in the domestic sector we may confront fierce price competition from the overseas imports. Hence, we need to chalk out modalities and execution plans to elevate our export competitiveness and comparative advantage.Item Assessment of pest/disease infestation on coconut and yield loss(JPC, 2004-12) Muralidharan, K.; Thamban, C.; Arulraj, S.One of the major limiting factors of coconut production in India is the incidence of pests and diseases. Data on incidence of pestldisease and resulting yield loss are necessary for research prioritization and technology intervention but are not col- lectedlreported along with the official statistics on crops. The required information is therefore generated by conducting sample surveys. Results on earlier surveys conducted by CPCRI on coconut pests and disease were made use of in analyzing their usefulness for applications in similar situations. The organizational aspects of surveys such as criteria for stratification. preparation of sampling frame, selection of units, construction of estimators, organization of field work etc. were examined , in relation to suitability under respective contexts.Item Coconut blues: Tracing the reasons for looming crisis(2012-11) Jayasekhar, S.; Chandran, K.P.; Muralidharan, K.; Thamban, C.Item Coconut climbing methods and devices: A participatory analysis of constraints and strategies(2011) Thamban, C.; Mathew, A.C.; Muralidharan, K.; Subramanian, P.; Vidhan Singh, T.; Madhavan, K.Socio-economic characteristics, extent of knowledge about integrated management of selected pest and diseases of coconut and technical efficiency of mechanical climbing devices were analysed in a study conducted among 87 coconut climbers in Kasaragod District. Matrix scoring, one of the Participatory Rural Appraisal tools, was employed to elicit data for the participatory assessment of the climbing devices. Among the climbers 22 per cent were illiterate, 57 per cent had primary school level of education, eight per cent were landless and 64 per cent were having only 10 to 50 cents of land holding. Only 14 per cent of the climbers used mechanical devices for climbing coconut palms. Seventy four per cent of the climbers attended to plant protection measures, mainly control measures for bud rot disease and rhinoceros beetle, apart form harvesting and crown cleaning. Except one climber, none of them had attended any training on PP measures in coconut. Majority of the climbers did not possess the required level of knowledge about the control measures recommended against bud rot disease and rhinoceros beetle infestation. The average time taken to set the device on the tree was more for the Chemberi Joseph model of climbing device but it took less time for climbing up the tree. CPCRI model was assessed better on the dimension of safety for the climber and simplicity in the design of the device. Chemberi Joseph model was assessed better on the dimensions of less drudgery involved in climbing, suitability for using under all weather situations and cost of the device.Item Coconut descriptors Part-1(2007-02-08) Ratnambal, M.J.; Nair, M.K.; Muralidharan, K.; Kumaran, P.M.; Rao, E.V.V.B.; Pillai, R.V.Item Coconut development :Mission Approach generates positive impact(2011-09) Muralidharan, K.; Jayashree, A.Item Community Extension Approach in Bio-management of Rhinoceros Beetle, the Major Pest of Coconut(2015) Anithakumari, P.; Muralidharan, K.; Kalavathi, S.Item Community-level management of bio-resources for augmenting income from coconut-based farming systems in Kerala state, India(2020) Kalavathi, S.; Jeena Mathew; Indhuja, S.; Merin Babu; Muralidharan, K.Item A Comparative account of coconut cultivation in Assam and Kerala(2006-03) Utpala Parthasarathy; Das, M.M.; Muralidharan, K.Item Constraints in adoption of integrated management for root (wilt) disease affected coconut areas - An analysis of Alleppey district(2012) Anitha Kumari, P.; Muralidharan, K.; Kalavathi, S.; Remabai, S.Analysis of the constraints faced by the farming community in root (wilt) affected area was done during 2010-2011 at Alleppey district, Kerala, India. It was found that irrespective of the holding size only 50 percent of the coconut trees were in bearing stage whereas around one third were seedlings and one fifth pre bearing stage. Adoption of recommended practices were statistically significant with the area under coconut cultivation. The farmers identified 30 major constraints which were categorized as technical, input, economic, social and biophysical constraints in order of importance. Participation of the coconut farmers in meetings related to farming was only 18.9 percent and participation in training programmes was meager and only 10 percent of the sample respondents were members in any farmer groups. The results indicated need for coconut farmers' clusters/ societies for improving technology adoption in community basis.Item Design and Analysis of Coconut Embryo Culture Experiments(2003) Anitha Karun; Muralidharan, K.; Sajini, K.K.; Parthasarathy, V.A.Item Design of Data Marts for Plantation Crops(2002) Ravikumar, N.; Muralidharan, K.; Sairam, C.V.; Palaniswami, C.; Dhanapal, R.; Arulraj, S.; Anil Rai; Vipin Dubey; Chaturvedi, K.K.Plantation crops occupy a significant position in the agricultural sector and play a significant role in the. Indian economy. To apply the Information Technology tools, it is required to link all the relevant data sets in to a single system. To achieve this objective, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has launched a mission mode project entitled Integrated National Agricultural Resource Information System (INARIS) involving 14 research institutes. The efficiency of the databases at various centres could be enhanced by providing solutions to customer queries in an integrated manner, for which data marts are to be developed. In this papeG basic concepts of designing of the data marts are applied to the plantation crop sector. Three data marts viz., statistics, agro-techniques and research were identified in the field of plantation crops as a part of Centralized data warehousing of national agricultural resources. Different aspects of data mart design were delineated. The detail and summary levels of data in the data mart were documented. Developing data marts will help to evolve decision support tools in respective area of specialization without much cost involved. Finally, the data warehouse would be built-up by joining the data marts.Item Diversity of coconut accessions for fruit components(2005) Ratnambal, M.J.; Muralidharan, K.; Krishnan, M.; Amarnath, C.H.Using Mahalanobis generalized distance, 70 accessions of field conserved coconut germplasm maintained at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod were classified for fruit characteristics. In the dendrogram showing hierarchical clustering, 4 the largest group consisted of 47 accessions. Amalgamation of clusters in this group was at shorter distance. Classification of the accessions into distinct groups was also attempted. The pattern of amalgamation observed in the dendrogram was taken as the guideline for deciding the cut-off points in the partition method which resulted in twenty seven clusters. The cluster size varied between 1 to 7: there were two clusters each of sizes 7 and 5; five clusters of size 4; eight clusters of size 2 and the remaining 12 were singletons. It was noticed that the popular cultivars known across the world (West ~ o a s Tta ll, Tiptur Tall (both from India), West African Tall, Philippines Ordinary Tall and Sri Lanka Tall) have many fruit characters in common. In other words, in most of the coconut growing countries, the cultivators considered the fruit type of these cultivars as the ideal. The three dwarfs of Malaysian origin appeared in the same cluster. However, the dwarfs did not exclusively form a cluster, except for the one consisting of Surinam Brown Dwarf and Chowghat Green Dwarf. The accessions that are distinct apart are all of Tall type. The accessions from the Pacific Ocean and South-East Asian regions were spread throughout the dendrogram, confirming bat these regions offered maximum variability. The indigenous collections also exhibited enormous variability. The correlation among the fruit characters was attributed to three causative factors, the first one related to weight measurements, second is for nut-constituents and third for the husk. The important characters that cause divergence as obtained from the canonical analysis were, weight of fruit, length of fruit, volume of cavity, weight of shell and per cent husk to fruit weight.Item Economic impact of arecanut based cropping systems: A study of Dakshina Kannada district-Karnataka(2012) Jayasekhar, S.; Jose, C.T.; Thamban, C.; Muralidharan, K.The present study was to quantify the economic impact of arecanut based cropping systems in south Karnataka region. It was observed that, farmers are predominantly following three different cropping systems such as 1) arecanut+banana 2)arecanut+cocoa and 3) arecanut+banana+pepper other than arecanut alone as monocrop. These systems were compared with the arecanut monocrop and found that the percentage increase in net returns from systems 1, 2 and 3 over monocrop were 32, 40 and 44 respectively. It was observed that, the percentage adoption of arecanut monocrop was 26, while it was 36, 11 and 27 for system 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The economic impact of different cropping systems were estimated by calculating the average cost per hectare, average yield and the net returns of each cropping system. The economic impact of each system has been worked out by combining the difference in net returns of each system from the arecanut monocrop, and percentage of adoption of each cropping system. The total economic impact in monetary terms due to adoption of cropping systems in the region was found to be Rs.819 million. The methodology used in this study for quantifying the economic impact of arecanut based cropping systems could be used in other cropping systems as well. Moreover, the quantified economic impact figures could be used as an input for formulating policy decisions related to arecanut.Item Economics of coconut cultivation in Kasaragod district of Kerala-A micro analysis(2007-02-08) Sairam, C.V.; Muralidharan, K.; Umamaheswari, L.Item Economics of Plantation Crops(Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, 2000) Das, P.K.; Jacob Mathew; Muralidharan, K.Item Estimating cost of production of coconut in a region(2009-12) Sud, U.C.; Bathla, H.V.L.; Muralidharan, K.; Mathur, D.C.; Thamban, C.; Sairam, C.V.Item Estimation of cost of production of coconut under optimum management conditions in North Kerala(2007-02) Sairam, C.V.; Gopalasundaram, P.; Muralidharan, K.; George, M.V.; Hegde, M.R.; Umamaheswari, L.The estimated cost of cultivation of coconut based on 1995-96 prices, under optimum management conditions of North Kerala, ranges from Rs. 28,600/ha during the first year of planting to Rs. 23,450/ha during the stabilized bearing period. The same for irrigated condition ranges between Rs. 52,650 and Rs. 27,750/ha and the cost of production was estimated as Rs. 3.30/nut and Rs. 2.60/nut under rainfed and irrigated condition respectively