Browsing by Author "Nair, P.K.R."
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Item Beneficial effects of crop combination of coconut and cacao(1975-04) Nair, P.K.R.; Rama Varma; Nelliat, E.V.; Bavappa, K.V.A.A field experiment on mixed cropping of coconut and cacao was initiated in 1970-71 in an existing 16-year-old coconut plantation of high-yielding genotypes. Cacao was planted in 2 systems - single hedge (single row of cacao between rows of coconut) and double hedge (2 rows of cacao between rows of coconut). There was also a control plot of pure stand of In 1973 the yield of cacao (number of pods/plant) was identical under both methods of planting but in 1974 it was significantly more in the single hedge. The average increase in the yield of coconut under control, single hedge and double hedge worked out to 64.3, 68 I and 115.9%, respectively, over the pre-experimental yield of the corresponding groups. The increase in the control plot was due to better management practices. The additional increase in yield of coconut under mixed cropping with cacao could be due to the synergistic effect of crop combination.Item Beneficial effects of crop combination of coconut and cacao(2007-02-08) Nair, P.K.R.; Rama Varma; Nelliat, E.V.; Bavappa, K.V.A.A field experiment on mixed cropping of coconut and cacao was initiated in 1970-71 in an existing 16-year-old coconut plantation of high-yielding genotypes. Cacao was planted in 2 systems - single hedge (single row of cacao between rows of coconut) and double hedge (2 rows of cacao between rows of coconut). There was also a control plot of pure stand of In 1973 the yield of cacao (number of pods/plant) was identical under both methods of planting but in 1974 it was significantly more in the single hedge. The average increase in the yield of coconut under control, single hedge and double hedge worked out to 64.3, 68 I and 115.9%, respectively, over the pre-experimental yield of the corresponding groups. The increase in the control plot was due to better management practices. The additional increase in yield of coconut under mixed cropping with cacao could be due to the synergistic effect of crop combination.Item Crop Diversification in Coconut Plantations(1976-02) Nair, P.K.R.; Thomas Varghese, P.Item Crop diversification in coconut plantations(1976-02) Nair, P.K.R.; Thomas Varghese, P.Item Crop diversification in coconut plantations(2007-02-08) Nair, P.K.R.; Thomas Varghese, P.Item Ecoclimate of a coconut plus cacao crop combination on the West Coast of India(2007-02-08) Nair, P.K.R.; Balakrishnan, T.K.Daily variations in temperature, vapour pressure, relative humidity and evaporation were measured at 0, 100, and 200 cm above ground level, inside plantations of unirrigated and irrigated monocrops of coconut, inside a combination crop of irrigated coconut + cacao, and in the open area during November—May in two consecutive seasons. The crop combination offered a sort of buffering effect against drastic diurnal variation in its ecoclimate. Differences between the average daily values of maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity were considerably less in the ecoclimate of the crop combination. Evaporation from the ecoclimate of the crop combination was only about 30% of that from the open area.Item Economics of inter and mixed cropping in the coconut gardens of Kerala: Some preliminary findings(2007-02-08) Krishnaji, N.; Chandan Mukherjee; Nelliat, E.V.; Nair, P.K.R.; Jacob Mathew; Thomas Varghese, P.Item Economics of inter and mixed cropping in the coconut gardens of Kerala: some preliminary findings(Centre for Developement Studies, Trivandrum, 1976-10) Chandan Mukherjee; Nelliat, E.V.; Nair, P.K.R.; Jacob Mathew; Thomas Varghese, P.; Krishnaji, N.Item Effect of month of harvest of seednuts and fertilizer application to nursery on vigour and quality of coconut seedlings(1976-06) Nelliat, E.V.; Nair, P.K.R.; Kushwaha, B.L.The germination pattern and quality of seedlings produced from seed coconuts harvested during different 1110nths of the year and the effect of application of fertilizers to seedlings in the nursery were studied. The nuts germinated satisfactorily irrespective of the month of harvest, but nuts sown during June-September (harvested during April-June) germinated early (mean 125 days). Considering seedling vigour as measured by number and area of leaves, height of plants and girth at collar, May and June were the most favourable months for sowing seednuts. Application to the nursery of NPK fertilizers in combination with Ca -:-Mg improved seedling vigour and quality as indicated by higher chlorophyll content and nutrient concentration in leaves. Seedling growth was adversely affected by application of ea + Mg in the absence of NPK.Item Intensive Farming Programmes For Small Sized Coconut Plantations(2007) Nair, P.K.R.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nelliat, E.V.Item Intensive Farming Programmes for Small-Sized Coconut Plantations(1975) Nair, P.K.R.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nelliat, E.V.Item Intensive Farming Programmes for small-sized coconut plantations(2007-02) Nair, P.K.R.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nelliat, E.V.Item Intercropping For Enhanced Profits From Coconut Plantation(1974-07) Nair, P.K.R.; Rama Varma; Nelliat, E.V.Item Intercropping for Enhanced Profits from Coconut Plantation(2007-02) Nair, P.K.R.; Rama Varma; Nelliat, E.V.Item Intercropping with Tuber Crops in Coconut Garden(2007-02) Thomas Varghese, P.; Gopalasundaram, P.; Nelliat, E.V.; Rama Varma; Nair, P.K.R.Intercropping in coconut stands with tubers revealed that raising tuber crops has no adverse effect on the main crop of coconut, provided, the same intercrop was not grown on the same plot every year and that both the inter crop and the main crop were manured adequately and separately. A five per cent increased yield of coconut over pre-experimental yield was obtained when tapioca, elephant yam, sweet potato, ginger and turmeric were grown in rotation as intercrops and 15% increase When greater yam, lesser yam, colocasia, and Chinese potato were rotated. Tapioca, cultivar M-4 yielded 4.5 t/ha when grown continuously in the same plot as against 6.3 t/ha when it was alternated with elephant yam. Similarly, yield of elephant yam increased from 6.4 t/ha (continuous crop) to 11.8 t/ha (in rotation with tapioca). Further improvement in the yield of these crops was noticed in five year rotations. Among the intercrops, elephant yam and ginger were the most profitable. Besides giving higher net returns per unit area, intercrops generated additional employment to the tune of about 130 man days/ha/year.Item Microclimate of coconut varieties and cacao and cinnamon grown as mixed crops with coconut(1976) Balakrishnan, T.K.; Nair, P.K.R.; Nelliat, E.V.During the peak period ot evaporation (December-May) when evaporation from the open surface (observatory) exceeded 6 mm/day, the corresponding values for the microclimate of cacao and cinnamon, during the early stages of their growth as mixed crops with coconut palms, were 2-4 mm. The diurnal variations in relative humidity and vapour pressure in the microclimate of cacao and cinnamon were relatively much less , compared to those of observatory and microclimate of coconut. There were no differences in the microclimate of tall and dwarf varieties of coconut at their full bearing stage.Item Multi-storeyed cropping- A New Dimension in Multiple Cropping for Coconut Plantations(1974) Nelliat, E.V.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nair, P.K.R.Item Pattern of light interception by canopies in a coconut-cacao crop combination(1976-10) Nair, P.K.R.; Balakrishnan, T.K.The intensity of light falling on the ground at different times of the day in a coconut-cacao crop mix was measured during different seasons of the year. During the peak bright hours of the day (10.00-14.00 hr) an average of 44% light was intercepted by coconut in a pure palm stand. Of the 56 %_ sunlight available for cacao, the crop was able to intercept 63% when it was planted in single hedge only, and at least 76% when planted in double hedges as a mixed crop with coconut. But the light available for cacao on a per-plant basis was less in double hedge, and this could be one of the reasons for less yield/plant in double hedge than in single hedge. (Coconut, Cocos nucifera L.; cacao, Theobroma cacao L.)Item Plant Community Interactions in Crop Combinations with Coconuts(2007-02) Nair, P.K.R.The effects of growing different species of crops in close proximity with coconuts are examined based on the experience and limited experimental results on scientific crop combinations with coconuts in India. Plant community interactions in intensive crop combinations with perennials are of greater magnitude and different nature than in the case of sole crops. Interactions between neighbouring plants with respect to growth factors are often described as forms of competition - for the growth factors absorbed through both leaves (light and CO2) and roots (water, nutrients and oxygen). Apart from competition, interaction between components of the multispecies crop combinations may also result in sharing of growth factors and cause changes in the physical and biological variables in the ecosystem. Favourable ecoclimate, increased activity of beneficial rhizosphere micro-organisms and better efficiency in the use of native and applied nutrients are manifestations of such complementary interactions. Other interaction effects involving annidation, allelopathy, plant parasites, land equivalent ratio and economic complementarity are also considered. Present knowledge on plant community interactions in perennials is too meagre; research has to be intensified on various aspects because research information available on the crop management of sole crop systems may not be applicable to the management of crop combinations. A few aspects which deserve immediate attention are indicated. The factors to be considered in such studies are so many that the conventional experimental techniques may be of only limited applicability.