Browsing by Author "Nambiar, P.T.N."
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Item Alterations in the leaf protein content of coconut affected by root (wilt) disease(2007-02-08) Padmaja, G.; Sumathy Kutty Amma, B.; Chacko Mathew; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Snehi Dwivedi, R.Changes in the protein content of leaves from healthy and root wilt affected coconut palms have been studied. Alkali—extractable, water—extractable and ethanol—extractable protein fractions were found to be higher in the healthy palms when compared to the diseased palms. A preferential extraction of proteins at low pH values could be obtained in the middle and outer leaves from apparently healthy and diseased palms. An increase of 53.7% and 24.9% over the protein values in the healthy palms was noticed in the middle and outer leaves respectively of the apparently healthy palms while the increase was 42.8% and 14% in the respective leaves of diseased palms. The implications of the protein changes in root (wilt) disease have been discussed.Item Alterations in the leaf protein content of coconut affected by root (wilt) disease(1980-02) Padmaja, G.; Sumathy Kutty Amma, B.; Chacko Mathew; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Snehi Dwivedi, R.Changes in the protein content of leaves from healthy and root wilt affected coconut palms have been studied. Alkali—extractable, water—extractable and ethanol—extractable protein fractions were found to be higher in the healthy palms when compared to the diseased palms. A preferential extraction of proteins at low pH values could be obtained in the middle and outer leaves from apparently healthy and diseased palms. An increase of 53.7% and 24.9% over the protein values in the healthy palms was noticed in the middle and outer leaves respectively of the apparently healthy palms while the increase was 42.8% and 14% in the respective leaves of diseased palms. The implications of the protein changes in root (wilt) disease have been discussed.Item Decline in yield and the effect of management practices on root (wilt) affected coconut palms(2007-02-08) Nambiar, P.T.N.Item Effect of major nutrients on the incidence of root (wilt) disease in coconut(2007-02-08) Robert Cecil, S.; Pillai, N.G.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Mathew, A.S.; Nambiar, P.T.N.Studies on the effect of application of N,P,K, Ca and Mg, from die time of planting in the main field at Kayangnlam, on the incidence and severity of root (wilt) disease in West Coast Tall palms indicated that, young palms are more susceptible to the disease at the onset of bearing. When young palms under good management contracted the disease before flowering, the onset of bearing was delayed by about 12 months. The frond production rate and the number of functioning leaves on the crown are considerably reduced in diseased palms. Among the nutrients, Mg significantly increased the expression of both these characters thereby preventing the reduction in growth due to the disease. The disease caused about 60 per cent reduction in yield in the early bearing period. The mean yields of healthy and diseased palms at the 10th year of planting were 58.8 and 23.8 nuts/palm respectively. The disease caused about 12 per cent reduction in copra weight per nut while the reduction in oil content was not significant.Item Effect of major nutrients on the incidence of root (wilt) disease in coconut(1982-12) Robert Cecil, S.; Pillai, N.G.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Mathew, A.S.; Nambiar, P.T.N.Studies on the effect of application of N,P,K, Ca and Mg, from die time of planting in the main field at Kayangnlam, on the incidence and severity of root (wilt) disease in West Coast Tall palms indicated that, young palms are more susceptible to the disease at the onset of bearing. When young palms under good management contracted the disease before flowering, the onset of bearing was delayed by about 12 months. The frond production rate and the number of functioning leaves on the crown are considerably reduced in diseased palms. Among the nutrients, Mg significantly increased the expression of both these characters thereby preventing the reduction in growth due to the disease. The disease caused about 60 per cent reduction in yield in the early bearing period. The mean yields of healthy and diseased palms at the 10th year of planting were 58.8 and 23.8 nuts/palm respectively. The disease caused about 12 per cent reduction in copra weight per nut while the reduction in oil content was not significant.Item Foliar yellowing of coconut palms in healthy and root (wilt) affected areas(1979-12) Thomas Varkey; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Ramanandan, P.L.; Nambiar, P.T.N.An attempt had been made to check the foliar yellowing by applying different nutrients and also its effect on growth and yield of affected palms. Foliar sprays with 2% MgSO4 and 1 % FeSCO4, and basal application of MgSO4 reduced foliar yellowing by 26% in diseased palms and 87 % in healthy palms. In diseased palms the application increased yield by 106% while in healthy palms, the increase was 95%.Item Foliar yellowing of coconut palms in healthy and root (wilt) affected areas(2007-02) Thomas Varkey; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Ramanandan, P.L.; Nambiar, P.T.N.An attempt had been made to check the foliar yellowing by applying different nutrients and also its effect on growth and yield of affected palms. Foliar sprays with 2% MgSC>4 and 1 % FeSCO4, and basal application of MgSO4 reduced foliar yellowing by 26% in diseased palms and 87 % in healthy palms. In diseased palms the application increased yield by 106% while in healthy palms, the increase was 95%.Item Forecast of annual yield of coconuts, based on biometrical characters(1991-01) Jacob Mathew; Vijayakumar, K.; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Amarnath, C.H.Item Forecasting of yield in coconut by using weather variables(2007-02) Vijayakumar, K.; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Jacob Mathew; Amarnath, C.H.; Balakrishnan, T.K.Influence of monthly averages of 11 weather variables viz. max. and min. temperature, vapour pressue (PN & AN) rel. humidity (FN & AN), wind velocity, hours of sunshine, rainfall, evaporation and number of rainy days up to 36 months prior to harvest of nuts was studied for two sets of data at Kasaragod. Based on regression analysis re), humidity (FN), hrs. of sunshine and vapour pressure (FN) of 17-20 meteorological weeks of the previous year, temperature (Min) of 21-24 weeks, humidity (FN) of 25-28 weeks two years previous and temperature (Min.) of 29-32 weeks three years previous were identified as important for prediction of coconut yield. The prediction model using these variables could explain 91% of the variation in yield.Item Incidence of myllocerus cur vicornis (f.) In relation to nutritional status of coconut palms(2007-02) Ponnamma, K.N.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Kurian, C.; Nambiar, P.T.N.Myllocerus curvicornis (F.) is a new pest on coconut. It was observed damaging coconut foliage. This paper presents-the observation of its abundance in relation to nutritional status of Dwarf x Tall palms. Results revealed that pest intensity was significantly higher in N2P2K2 Plots man to N1P1K1; the precentage of infestation being 54.68%, 71.21% and 68.31% for N1P1K1, N2P2K2 and N3P3K3, respectively.Item Influence of weather on coconut yield(2007-02) Vijayakumar, K.; Jacob Mathew; Amarnath, C.H.; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Jose, C.T.; Balakrishnan, T.K.Studies were conducted on the relationship between four weekly averages of 11 weather variables viz., temperature (maximum and minimum), vapour pressure —VP (forenoon and afternoon), relative humidity—RH (FN and AN), wind velocity, hours of sunshine—HRS, rainfall, evaporation and rainy days and quarterly yield of coconut. Theseven lag periods viz., 6-8, 10-12, 17-18, 22-23. 30-31, 35-36 and 44-46 months prior to the harvest of nuts were identified as important. Of these, the last five periods correspond to some of the important developmental phases of the inflorescence like differentiation of ovary and development of stamens, growth of branches of inflorescence and formation of primordia of male flower, process of beginning of the primary bract of the inflorescence, differentiation of the outer or second bract and initiation of primordium of inflorescence.Item Optimum Plot Size For D x T Coconut Palms From Fertilizer Trial Yield Data(1986-12) Nambiar, P.T.N.An optimum plot size of 8 seedlings/plot may be adopted for laying out experiments on DxT hybrids. The optimum plot size obtained from the fertilizer experiment at Kayangulam was found to be the same as the plot size obtained from an irrigated uniformity trial data collected on DxT palms from Central State Farm, Aralam.Item Optimum Plot Size for Field Trials on Oil Palm(2007-02) Nambiar, P.T.N.; Vijayakumar, K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.The palm-wise yield data of NPK fertilizer experiment, conducted at Oil palm Estate, Bharatipuram, Kerala were made use of for this study. The treatment effects were eliminated from the yields of individual palms and coefficients of variation were worked out by forming plots of different sizes and shapes. Fairfield Smith s equation (1938) y=ax- gave a good fit to the data. The values of r2 ranged from 0.98 to 0.99. Using the maximum curvature method, the optimum plot size was found to be around 8 palms/plot. The coefficient of variation was less for plots of shape 4 rows X 2 columns, the rows being across the slope. Smaller blocks were found to be more efficient.Item Optimum Plot Size for W.C.T. Coconut Palms from Fertilizer Trial Yield Data(2007-02) Nambiar, P.T.N.The yield data of an NPK fertilizer experiment conducted at CFCRI, Kasaragod were made use of for studying the coefficients of variations of plots of different sizes and shapes, after converting to a uniformity trial data by eleminating treatment effects on the yield of individual palms. Not much variations in C.V. were observed for plots of different shapes of the same size. The C.V. decreased with the increases in plot size. Smith s Law (1938) was found to give a satisfactory fit to the underlying relationship between CV and plot size. The per unit decreases in CV were found minimum, when the plot size exceeded 8 palms/plot. With fixed experimental resources, smaller plots were found more efficient. The efficiency decreased with increase in block size.Item Performance of Dwarf x Tall Hybrid Coconut in Root (Wilt) Affected Areas of Kerala Under Different Fertilizer Levels(2007-02) Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Robert Cecil, S.; Pillai, N.G.; Mathew, A.S.; Nambiar, P.T.N.A field experiment was conducted to study the performance of Dwarf X Tall hybrid coconut palms under different fertilizer levels in the root (wilt) disease affected area. With the lowest level of fertilizer application, an average yield of 120 nuts/palm/year was obtained. 500 g N, 300 g P205 1000 g K20 with 500 g Mg O could be taken as the ideal dose of fertilizer application in the early bearing periods under rainfed conditions. About 22 per cent of the total palms had contracted root (wilt) disease at the end of ninth year from planting.Item Performance of Dwarf X Tall Hybrid Coconut on Root (Wilt) Affected Areas of Kerala Under Different Fertilizer Levels(1984) Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Robert Cecil, S.; Pillai, N.G.; Mathew, A.S.; Nambiar, P.T.N.A field experiment was conducted to study the performance of Dwarf X Tall hybrid coconut palms under different fertilizer levels in the root (wilt) disease affected area. With the lowest level of fertilizer application, an average yield of 120 nuts/palm/year was obtained. 500 g N, 300 g P205 1000 g K20 with 500 g Mg O could be taken as the ideal dose of fertilizer application in the early bearing periods under rainfed conditions. About 22 per cent of the total palms had contracted root (wilt) disease at the end of ninth year from planting.Item Relation Between Incidence of Myllocerus curvicomis (F.) and Intensity of Root (Wilt) Disease in Coconut Cultivars and Hybrids(1985) Ponnamma, K.N.; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Abraham, V.A.; Kurian, C.; Robert Cecil, S.Item Response of coconut palm to fertilizer levels in coastal sand of Orissa(1990) Singh, N.; Sahoo, S.C.; Nambiar, P.T.N.Item A Simplified Method of Indexing Root (Wilt) Affected Coconut Palms(1985-06) Nambiar, P.T.N.; Pillai, N.G.The earlier method of indexing the severity of root (wilt) disease of coconut was based on flaccidity, yellowing and necrosis, the three major visual symptoms on all the leaves on the crown. An attempt has been made to simplify the method of the indexing by taking into account only the leaves present in any of the five spirals. It is possible to work out the disease index from the symptoms present in the leaves of the third spiral in about 10 minutes as against over 30 minutes required for indexing by the earlier method.Item Stability Of Coconut Yield In Coordinated Multi Location Trials(2002) Khan, H.H.; Parthasarathy, V.A.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Natrajan, C.; Giridharan, S.; Suresh, S.; Nagawekar, D.D.; Prasanna Kumar; Reddy, R.V.K.S.; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Arunachalam, V.; EIangovan, M.Stability of coconut yield of different varieties in divergentjagro-climatic conditions helps to boost the productivity over a range of environment. The average annual nut yield of six varieties at three locations under the All India Coordinated Research Project on Palms centers viz., Ambajipeta (Andhra Pradesh), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) and Veppankulam (Tamil Nadu) was analysed for G x E interaction. Seven years yield data between 1992-93 and 1999-2000 was analysed for this study. Eberhart and Russels model and Perkins and Jinks method was used to analyse the data and interpret the results. Laccadive Ordinary had shown maximum yield (105.08 nuts/palm/year) with high variance (2225.50). It could perform well in input Intensive cultures. Fiji has shown good yield (88.72 nuts/palm/year) with (bi=0.77) good stable performance. Andaman Ordinary has recorded low (67.70 nuts/palm/year) but steady (bi=1.05) yields. Hence, they could be useful In input deficient situation. Cochin China was found to be a non-performer. All the varieties were tested with good input management.Their interaction with environment has brought out the hidden genetic potential.