Browsing by Author "Nampoothiri, K.U.K."
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Item Arecanut yellow leaf disease(2007-02-08) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Ponnamma, K.N.; Chowdappa, P.Item Arecanut yellow leaf disease(CPCRI, 2000-12) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Ponnamma, K.N.; Chowdappa, P.Item Arecanut yellow leaf disease : Varietal reaction(2007-02-08) Ravindran, P.S.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Pillai, R.S.N.; Chandra Mohanan, R.; Mohammed Sayed, A.A.Item Breeding(2007-02-08) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Ravindran, P.S.Item Breeding for high yield in coconut(2007-02-08) Nair, M.K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.The Indian coconut population comprises enormous variability, accrued over the years of its cultivation in the country. Improvement in yield potential so far achieved in coconut has been through conventional breeding methods like selection and hybridisation. Mother palm selection based on the number of nuts and morphological characters genetically correlated with yield were found to improve the efficiency of selection. The concept of prepotency though proposed by Harland in the fifties did not receive attention from coconut breeders. Exploitation of hybrid vigour involving crosses between tall and dwarf has resulted so far in releasing nine hybrids with not only high yield but also precocity in bearing. Exploitation of prepotency, crosses between tall and dwarf possessing wider genetic diversity, utilising prepotent tails and homogeneous dwarfs in breeding for disease and drought tolerance, quality improvement with respect to oil content and evolving plant types suitable for coconut-based farming systems are the future strategies suggested.Item Breeding for resistance/tolerance to root (wilt) disease(2007-02-08) Nair, R.V.; Jacob, P.M.; Koshy, P.K.; Sasikala, M.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.Root wilt is a serious disease of coconut in Kerala. The disease affects 16 million palms and cause an annual loss of 968 million nuts. Involvement of phytoplasma in the etiology of this disease has been established. Breeding for evolving root (wilt) resistant varieties - being the lasting solution for the disease is implemented since 1987. In the heavily diseased tracts, some high yielding west coast tall and chowgate green dwarf palms were found to be resistant and serologically negative under field conditions. Studies indicated that CGD palms were having higher level of resistance to the disease compared to that of other varieties. It has also been reported that CDO X WCT hybrids gave higher yield in spite of contracting the disease. Based on these,observations, the following crosses are made - WCT X WCT (inter-se), WCT (self), WCT X CGD, CGD X WCT, CGD (self/inter-se), CDO (self/inter-se). The present crossing programme includes 63 WCT, 97 CGD and 4 CDO palms in the farmers plots.The 2725 progenies were under planted among heavily infested palms for evaluating their resistance and use them as future mother palms. In the seventh year of planting, WCT (open pollinated) seedlings showed 60%disease incidence where as WCT (self) and WCT (inter-se) showed 45% disease incidence and only 31% in CGD X WCT. Four seed gardens have been established by planting 3371 artificially pollinated seedlings.Item CGDxWCT hybrid - an ideal planting material for root (wilt) disease endemic areas(2007-02-08) Jacob, P.M.; Iyer, R.D.; Nair, R.V.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.Item Characterisation of Pisifera parents and its relevance to oil palm improvement(2007-02-08) Pillai, R.S.N.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.Twenty eight Pisifera palms were identified from tenera x tenera population. These palms were critically studied for morphological features and individual fruit characters. The percentage of fruits containing kernel and embryo (fertile), those with kernel or mesocarp alone and fruits with half filled kernel or having cavity alone varied highly from palm to palm. Fertility status of Pisifera is known to influence the yield potential of Tenera hybrids (dura x pisifera) which is the only planting material used for commercial cultivation of oil palm. The significance of characterising Pisifera palms for selection as pollen parent for the production of good quality oil palm hybrids is discussed.Item Cocoa cultivation - Economics & future prospects(2007-02-08) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Sairam, C.V.Item Coconut breeding - Past achievements and future strategies(2007-02-08) Nair, M.K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Dhamodaran, S.Early efforts of coconut breeding in India included collection and conservation of germplasm initiated in 1930s which received further support of FAO/IBPGR during 1980s. The present Indian germplasm holding with 86 exotic and 41 indigenous accessions is one of the worlds largest assemblage of the crop. Based on the evaluation of indigenous germplasm accessions, two cultivars viz., Laccadive Ordinary (Chandrakalpa) and Banawali Green Round have been released for cultivation. Selection of the prepotent West Cost Tall palms based on progeny performance as well as identification of elite palms gave a new thrust to improve traditional cultivars. The most significant impact was made by the advent of hybrid vigour in crosses involving tails and dwarfs. Research in this line during the last four decades made it possible to release three hybrids viz., Chandrasankara (COD x WCT), Chandralaksha (LO x COD) and Lakshaganga (LO x GB) hybrids. These gave much higher yields than the West Coast Tall (up to 83 per cent in terms of nut and up to 103 per cent in terms of copra out-turn). LO x COD and LO x GB were found to perform well under drought conditions also. Non-availability of sufficient planting materials has been the main constraint in realising the full field impact from these released varieties and hybrids. Efforts have been made to overcome this by establishing a chain of seed gardens in the coconut growing states. Characterization and evaluation of the available germplasm, production of inbred lines followed by hybridization to exploit hybrid vigour to the full extent, exploitation of field tolerance to breed varieties tolerant to root (wilt) disease and Thanjavur wilt and perfecting the technique of developing plantlets through tissue culture for micro-propagation are some of the breeding strategies to achieve the desirable results in coconut breeding.Item Coconut breeding - Past achievements and future strategies(1988) Nair, M.K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Dhamodaran, S.Early efforts of coconut breeding in India included collection and conservation of germplasm initiated in 1930s which received further support of FAO/IBPGR during 1980s. The present Indian germplasm holding with 86 exotic and 41 indigenous accessions is one of the worlds largest assemblage of the crop. Based on the evaluation of indigenous germplasm accessions, two cultivars viz., Laccadive Ordinary (Chandrakalpa) and Banawali Green Round have been released for cultivation. Selection of the prepotent West Cost Tall palms based on progeny performance as well as identification of elite palms gave a new thrust to improve traditional cultivars. The most significant impact was made by the advent of hybrid vigour in crosses involving tails and dwarfs. Research in this line during the last four decades made it possible to release three hybrids viz., Chandrasankara (COD x WCT), Chandralaksha (LO x COD) and Lakshaganga (LO x GB) hybrids. These gave much higher yields than the West Coast Tall (up to 83 per cent in terms of nut and up to 103 per cent in terms of copra out-turn). LO x COD and LO x GB were found to perform well under drought conditions also. Non-availability of sufficient planting materials has been the main constraint in realising the full field impact from these released varieties and hybrids. Efforts have been made to overcome this by establishing a chain of seed gardens in the coconut growing states. Characterization and evaluation of the available germplasm, production of inbred lines followed by hybridization to exploit hybrid vigour to the full extent, exploitation of field tolerance to breed varieties tolerant to root (wilt) disease and Thanjavur wilt and perfecting the technique of developing plantlets through tissue culture for micro-propagation are some of the breeding strategies to achieve the desirable results in coconut breeding.Item Coconut breeding: New vistas(2007-02-08) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.Item Coconut breeding: new vistas(2007) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.Item Coconut cultivation technology(2007-02-08) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Singh, H.P.Item Coconut cultivation technology(CPCRI, 2000-07) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Singh, H.P.; Arulraj, S.; Thamban, C.Item Coconut eriophyid mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) - An update(2007-02-08) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Nair, C.P.R.; Kannaiyan, S.; Sabitha Doraisamy; Saradamma, K.; Naseema Beevi, S.; Sreerama Kumar, P.Coconut eriophyid mite was spotted in India in 1998. The pest later established in various locations of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The mite infests buttons and colonising inside the perianth sucks sap from the tender tissues resulting in button shedding, reduction of both nut size and kernel content as well as loss of husk. The life cycle is completed in.7-10 days. The pest can be managed by periodic spray of insecticides like monocrotophos, dicofol and wettable sulfur. Botanicals such as neem oil, garlic, fish oil, rosin soap etc are preferred, though less effective, due to their ecofriendliness. Proper management of the palms helps to contain the pest and reduce economic loss. Hirsutella thompsonii is regarded as a potential biological agent. No cultivar is resistant to the pest. but%cer tain features like round shape of nut, tight petals etc. offer some tolerance. An uptodate review on the pest in India is presented along with suggestions on future course of action.Item Coconut industry in Nigeria(2007-02-08) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.Item Coconut root (wilt) disease(2007-02-08) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Koshy, P.K.Item Coconut variety Kalpa Dhenu(2009) Niral, V.; Augustine Jerard, B.; Samsudeen, K.; Arunachalam, V.; Kumaran, P.M.; Ratnambal, M.J.; Rao, E.V.V.B.; Filial, R.V.; Satyabalan, K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Nair, M.K.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nair, R.V.; George V. Thomas; Kumar, M.; Meenakshi Ganesan, N.; Arulraj, S.Item Coconut variety Kalpa Mitra(2009) Niral, V.; Augustine Jerard, B.; Samsudeen, K.; Arunachalam, V.; Kumaran, P.M.; Ratnambal, M.J.; Rao, E.V.V.B.; Filial, R.V.; Satyabalan, K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Nair, M.K.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nair, R.V.; George V. Thomas; Bandopadhyay, A.; Ghosh, D.K.; Hore, J.K.; Sarangi, A.; Mitra, S.K.; Chattopadhyay, P.K.; Maity, S.C.; Arulraj, S.