Browsing by Author "Palaniswami, C."

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    Agro-techniques for higher coconut productivity under coastal sandy soil
    (2012) Subramanian, P.; Dhanapal, R.; Palaniswami, C.; Alka Gupta; Maheswarappa, H.P.
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    Agro-techniques for Higher Coconut Productivity Under Coastal Sandy Soil
    (2011-05) Subramanian, P.; Dhanapal, R.; Palaniswami, C.; Alka Gupta; Maheswarappa, H.P.
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    Co-composting of coconut coir pith with solid poultry manure
    (2013-01-25) George V. Thomas; Palaniswami, C.; Prabhu, S.R.; Murali Gopal; Alka Gupta
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    Coastal sandy soil management through intercropping/alley cropping of glyricidia in the coconut garden
    (2006) Subramanian, P.; Dhanapal, R.; Palaniswami, C.; Maheswarappa, H.P.
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    Coconut Based Cropping/Farming Systems
    (CPCRI, 2010-12) George V. Thomas; Krishnakumar, V.; Maheswarappa, H.P.; Palaniswami, C.
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    Coconut leaf vermiwash: a bio-liquid from coconut leaf vermicompost for improving the crop production capacities of soil
    (2010) Murali Gopal; Alka Gupta; Palaniswami, C.; Dhanapal, R.; George V. Thomas
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    Comparison of techniques for organic manure production from plantation wastes
    (2007-02-08) Biddappa, C.C.; Palaniswami, C.; Upadhyay, A.K.; Ramanujam, B.
    The studies on organic manure preparation from plantation wastes viz. coir pith, areca wastes and coffee husk revealed that recovery per cent was highest in case of coffee husk followed by areca waste and coir pith. Highest recovery was recorded using chemical technique followed by anaerobic, aerobic and lastly microbial (Pleurotus sajor caju) technique. The C/N ratio was found to be the least in areca waste (7.82) and amongst the methods of composting, it was aerobic method (8.73). The nutritive value (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) of final compost was found to be more than the base material used. The pith - fibre ratio decreased to as low as 3.3 from initial value of 7.3 after composting of coir pith. The microbial load was higher for areca and coffee husk compost over their base materials. The cost of preparation of organic manure was found to be the least in chemical followed by anaerobic technique.
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    Design of Data Marts for Plantation Crops
    (2002) Ravikumar, N.; Muralidharan, K.; Sairam, C.V.; Palaniswami, C.; Dhanapal, R.; Arulraj, S.; Anil Rai; Vipin Dubey; Chaturvedi, K.K.
    Plantation crops occupy a significant position in the agricultural sector and play a significant role in the. Indian economy. To apply the Information Technology tools, it is required to link all the relevant data sets in to a single system. To achieve this objective, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has launched a mission mode project entitled Integrated National Agricultural Resource Information System (INARIS) involving 14 research institutes. The efficiency of the databases at various centres could be enhanced by providing solutions to customer queries in an integrated manner, for which data marts are to be developed. In this papeG basic concepts of designing of the data marts are applied to the plantation crop sector. Three data marts viz., statistics, agro-techniques and research were identified in the field of plantation crops as a part of Centralized data warehousing of national agricultural resources. Different aspects of data mart design were delineated. The detail and summary levels of data in the data mart were documented. Developing data marts will help to evolve decision support tools in respective area of specialization without much cost involved. Finally, the data warehouse would be built-up by joining the data marts.
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    Digital phenotyping of coconut and morphological traits associated with eriophyid mite (Aceria guerroronis Keifer) infestation
    (2013-12) Arunachalam, V.; Augustine Jerard, B.; Elain Apshara, S.; Jayabose, C.; Subaharan, K.; Ravikumar, N.; Palaniswami, C.
    Observations were recorded on traits associated with mite infestation related at two stages of button on six different coconut cultivars over three years. Highly significant correlation was found between mite damage score with color or weight of tepal. Step-wise multiple regression of the data analysis showed color of inner tepal as major trait associated with infestation by eriophyid mite. Other traits are ratio of tepal weight to tepal area, per cent of buttons with pink discoloration or with resin, tepals of regular aestivation and gap between fruit and tepal. Digital phenotype data of 83 image files were used to calculate color signature and correlated the same to mite damage score over three years. Red spectral values were found to vary from 14 to 251, green values to 12 to 237 and blue to vary from 5 to 183. Spectral values red max, green max, 3* Red + Green max had high significant negative correlation (>-0.4) with mite damage. Color and firmness of fruits and tepals of three coconut varieties were further analyzed where, fruits and tepals of COD variety showed high red/green (a* value of Hunterlab) >12. Firmness of 3 month old tepal and fruit of Benualim (BGRT) tall variety was (penetrometer reading >38) higher than other varieties.
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    Drip fertigation to increase the productivity of coconut
    (2007-02-08) Dhanapal, R.; Subramanian, P.; Mathew, A.C.; Palaniswami, C.
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    Effect of fertilizer application through micro-irrigation technique on nutrient availability and coconut productivity
    (2012-12) Subramanian, P.; Dhanapal, R.; Mathew, A.C.; Palaniswami, C.; Upadhyaya, A.K.; Naresh Kumar, S.; Reddy, D.V.S.
    An investigation was conducted to study the response of drip fertigation in West Coast Tall variety of coconut for growth, nutrition, physiological parameters and yield at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod during 1996-2008. The application of fertilizers either through drip fertigation or soil application resulted in significantly higher trunk height and girth at base than control (no fertilizer). However, no significant difference was observed among different dose of fertigation and soil application treatments. The number of leaves on the crown was significantly higher(32.6) under 75 per cent of NPK through drip fertigation which was on par with 50 per cent and 100 per cent NPK through drip fertigation and 100 per cent NPK through soil application and significantly differed from 25 per cent NPK through drip fertigation and control. Fertigation to coconut resulted in a marked increase in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status in soil. Different levels of fertigation did influence significantly physiological parameters like net photosynthesis (PN), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs). The treatment, 100 per cent NPK applied through fertigation resulted significantly higher PN, E and gs and which was on par with 50 per cent and 75 per cent through drip fertigation and significantly differed from 100 per cent NPK though soil application and control. Among the fertigation levels, coconut yield was significantly higher in 100 per cent NPK fertigation (131nuts/palm/year) which was on par with 75 and 50 per cent NPK applied through drip irrigation and significantly differed from 100 per cent NPK through soil application, 25 per cent NPK through fertigation and control. The study indicated that adoption of fertigation increases the productivity with 50 per cent saving of chemical fertilizers which ensure the higher efficiency of nutrients in crop production.
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    Effect of graded levels of NPK on the reproductive characters and yield of hybrid coconut CODx WCT
    (2009-01) Venkitaswamy, R.; Hameed Khan, H.; Palaniswami, C.
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    Effect of levels and methods of fertilization on growth and recovery of vigorous seedlings in WCT coconut nursery
    (1998) Srinivasa Reddy, D.V.; Dhanapal, R.; Palaniswami, C.; Maheswarappa, H.P.
    The effect of graded levels and methods of fertilizer application on growth characters and recovery of vigorous seedlings in WCT coconut nursery was studied. The results of two year experiments revealed that growth characters did not differ significantly due to fertilization. However, most of the parameters particularly collar girth and leaf area/seedling were relatively better with fertilizer applied treatments compared to no-fertilizer. Drymatter production above ground and number of roots/seedling were significantly superior in T-8 (FYM 25 t/ha + N and K-160 kg each/ha as soil application) and T-7 (FYM 25 t/ha + N and K-80 kg each/ha as soil application) treatments in both the years. Although recovery per cent of vigorous seedlings from total germinated nuts was non significant due to various treatments, higher mean recovery of 80% was obtained with T-8 followed by 76.6% in T-7 treatment than 66.4% in control. Inspite of higher cost of cultivation at Rs 3,60,357/ha for T-8 and Rs 3,58,918/ha of nursery for T-7 treatments, the cost of production per seedling was worked out as Rs 9.76 and Rs 10.17, respectively for T-8 and T-7 treatments as compared to Rs 11.07/seedling in unfertilized treatment.
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    EFFECT OF LEVELS AND METHODS OF FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND RECOVERY OF VIGOROUS SEEDLINGS IN WCT COCONUT NURSERY
    (1998-06) Srinivasa Reddy, D.V.; Dhanapal, R.; Palaniswami, C.; Maheswarappa, H.P.
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    Efficacy of soil and water conservation measures in coconut plantations of West Coast region
    (2005-01) Dhanapal, R.; Mathew, A.C.; Palaniswami, C.
    A study was conducted to develop and demonstrate the efficacy of various soil and water conservation measures suitable for coconut gardens of the western ghat region. Runoff and soil loss from cropping systems adopting different soil and water conservation measures were estimated. Out of various measures for soil and water conservation tried, contour trench (4 m length X 0.5 m width X 0.5 m depth) filled with coconut husk with two lines of pineapple in the interspaces of coconut proved to be the best treatment for soil and moisture conservation in laterite soil having a slope of 14 to 16 per cent. It was also observed that CO-3 grass grown as intercrop in coconut garden not only conserved soil and water but also produced fodder @ 100 tonneshalyear in eight harvest. Coconut yield increased nearly three times after imposing the treatments mainly because of treatment and management effect.
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    Evaluation of coconut based high density multi-species cropping system under organic and integrated nutrient management
    (2013) Maheswarappa, H.P.; Dhanapal, R.; Subramanian, P.; Palaniswami, C.
    A field experiment on evaluation of coconut based high density multi-species cropping system under organic and integrated nutrient management was initiated during 2007 in coconut based cropping system at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod. Three treatments viz., T1: 2/3rd of recommended NPK fertilizer + recycling biomass (vermicompost), T2: 1/3rd of recommended NPK fertilizer + recycling biomass (vermicompost) + bio-fertiliser + green manuring + vermiwash and T3: Fully organic with recycling biomass (vermicompost) + bio-fertiliser + green manuring + vermiwash + husk burial + mulching coconut basin were replicated seven times in RBD. The crops involved in the system were coconut, black pepper, pineapple, banana, clove, annual crops like, turmeric, ginger and vegetable crops (brinjal, pumpkin, and elephant foot yam), sweet corn and baby corn were grown in the space available during different seasons. Irrigation was provided through sprinkler system at IW/CPE=1.0. Average of five years (2007 to 2012) data on coconut yield indicated non significant difference among the treatments and it ranged between 145 to 155 nuts palm-1year-1. Black pepper yield also did not differ significantly among the treatments and ranged from 1.7 to 1.8 kg vine-1, and banana (Njalipoovan variety) yield ranged from 6.0 to 7.2 kg bunch-1 and Grand naine variety yield also did not differ significantly among the treatments and it ranged from 13.7 kg to 15.5 kg bunch-1. The copra and oil content of coconut did not differ significantly among the treatments and it ranged from 159.5 to 164.6 g nut-1 and from 65.7 to 65.8 per cent, respectively. Economics of the system indicated higher net return in T3 treatment.
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    Evaluation of web sites for contents on regional recommendations on coconut farming in India
    (2006) Muralidharan, K.; Thamban, C.; Palaniswami, C.; Dhanapal, R.; Anil Rai
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    Feasibility studies on growing hybrid Bajra Napier fodder grass as intercrop in coconut under coastal littoral sandy soil
    (Indian Society for Plantation Crops, 2007-04) Subramanian, P.; Dhanapal, R.; Palaniswami, C.; Joseph Sebastian
    Coconut is grown in coastal littoral sandy soil, which occurs all along the coastal sandy tract of the West and East coasts of the Peninsular India lying mostly in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharastra. Coastal littoral sandy soils are mainly skeletal soils, consisting of 99.1 per cent sand particle characterized by poor water holding capacity, high infiltration rate, easy leachability and low inherent fertility status. Even though coconut is a widely spaced crop, the interspace cannot be utilized for growing of intercrops in sandy soils under normal conditions. However, by adopting proper soil and moisture conservation measures intercropping can be practiced in the coconut garden under coastal sandy soil. Keeping this in mind, a field experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of growing bajra Napier fodder grass (Co 3) as intercrop in the coconut garden by adopting various soil and moisture conservation methods under coastal sandy soil at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala during June 2004. The treatments included soil moisture conservation measures viz., one layer dried coconut husk burial in the trenches and planting of grass, coir pith application in the trenches and planting of grass and control (planting of grass with out any soil and water conservation measures). Among the treatments, one layer of dried coconut husk burial in the trenches and planting of grass, resulted in higher green fodder yield (96.83 tonnes/ha). The experimental results revealed that bajra Napier fodder grass (Co 3) can be successfully grown as intercrop in the coconut garden in coastal sandy soil by adopting suitable soil moisture conservation measures.