Browsing by Author "Patil, R.T."

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14
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    Copra drying process and equipments
    (2007-02-08) Patil, R.T.
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    Design and development of a natural convection type low cost dryer for medium holdings
    (2007-02-08) Annamalai, S.J.K.; Narayana Swamy, K.G.; Patil, R.T.
    A simple and cheaper dryer working on indirect heating and natural convection principle using dry agricultural waste as fuel has been designed and developed to suit medium sized plantation crop holdings and processing units. The dryer consists of a drying chamber, burning cum heat exchanging unit and chimney. The dryer can hold 1000-1200 coconuts or 375 kg of ripe arecanuts per batch and the drying time required is about 33-37 hrs for copra and about 87 hrs for arecanut. As a preliminary study, the dryer was tested for drying 75 kg green cardamom in trays but slight discolouration of the product after drying was observed. The thermal efficiency of the dryer was 18.7-23.4%. The dryer costs about Rs.4000/- only and it requires an area of 7 m1 for housing. Economic analysts has shown that this dryer can be profitably used during monsoon months.
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    Design and development of copra dryer using agricultural waste as source of energy
    (1982) Patil, R.T.
    Keeping in view the pressure on land in Kerala, the main coconut growing state in India which restricts the use of dryers needing permanent building and high initial investment, a small capacity dryer was designed and fabricated from materials such as MS angle, Gl sheet, and AC sheets. This dryer consists of a drying chamber, plenum chamber and burning-cum-heat exchanging unit. A chimney is provided to control the rate of combustion and thus drying air temperature. An adjustable damper is provided to control the entry of fresh air for drying. The dryer could accomodate a maximum of 400 nuts per batch. Any dry agricultural waste could be used as fuel. The drying air temperature is kept at 70 to 80°C and time required for drying is 37.5 hours. The cost of the dryer is only Rs. 1000/- and it needs only 2m2 area for housing
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    Design and development of solar copra dryers
    (2007-02-08) Patil, R.T.
    Dried coconut meat is known as copra. Wet meat (45 to 50% moisture content, wet basis) has to be dried to 6% moisture content for storage and for oil extraction. Drying of copra is commonly practised in open on mud or cement floor requiring about 9 days. A low cost solar dryer using black painted palmyra mat as drying floor and double layered polythelene sheet as transparent cover was found to reduce drying time to 5.5 to 6 days. The solar cabinet dryer with drying surface inclined at an angle equal to latitude, provided with reflectors from 3 sides of the dryer and also having a provision for manual suntracking was developed. The drying time required was 3.5 to 4 days at double the spreading density compared to open sundrying.
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    Design of an electrical dryer for plantation crops
    (1999) Madhavan, K.; Sunil Gulati; Patil, R.T.; Sebastian George, A.
    Sun drying of plantation crops becomes impossible during rainy season and so artificial drying has to be resorted to. The electrical dryer developed by CPCRI is an indirect type dryer suitable for all seasons to dry coconut, cardamom and pepper. It is tray type dryer with mixed flow and forced hot air circulation. Heating unit consits of 6 numbers of 1K W strip heaters and hot air blower with 0.5 HP motor. Themostatic / electronic temperature control is provided to set the maximum drying temperature to suit the requirement of different crops. This dryer can be used to dry 1000 coconuts / batch in 32 hours and 75 kg of cardamom (wet) in 25 hours. The cost of drying per kilogram of copra and cardamom is calculated to be Rs 1.83 and Rs 1.96 respectively.
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    Development of an improved tray type mechanical copra dryer
    (2007-02-08) Patil, R.T.; Jaswant Singh
    For drying the copra in rainy season without affecting the quality a tray type (mixed flow) mechanical dryer was develo-f ped at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India. Electricity being the cheapest and no necessity of indirect heating ; was used as energy source. The dryer was fabricated from the materials such as wood, GI sheet, AC sheet, Asbestos rope and MS sheet. ;'- Components of the dryer were drying chamber, air distribution unit, plenum chamber, heating unit and blower. Drying chamber accomoda-X ted air distribution unit in the centre with copra trays on its both sides. The air was blown by 1.5 hp motor operated blower on 8 kW hea-[ lets. This hot air then was circulated through the material on the trays. The capacity of dryer was 1,000 nuts per batch and drying time I required was about 30 hours. The cost of the dryer was worked out to be Rs. 8,000 — and the cost of drying came to about Rs. 0.58 per kg
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    'Do-it-yourself' type domestic solar dryer
    (2007-02-08) Patil, R.T.
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    Evaluation of weather data for drying and storage of copra
    (2007-02) Patil, R.T.; Nelliat, E.V.; Balakrishnan, T.K.
    Weather data such as mean daily temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, sunshine hours and rainfall per meteorological week at Kasaragod (HT MSL -10.7 m 12 .30N Latitude and 75°E Longtiude) were evaluated for predicting suitable drying period and safe storage period. Equilibrium moisture content of copra at all meteorological weeks was determined. The time required for drying was calculated per week from the energy associated with ambient air. The copra can be dried from 40th week to 20th week within 8 days. Drying can be achieved within 6 days if dried during 13th to 19th week. Drying can be achieved even during 40th to 48th week and 21st to 22nd week if solar cabinet drier is used, because during this period precipitation over 25 mm/week is expected. During the predicted suitable drying period solar radiation available is in the order of 5000 k Cal/m /day and hence drying process can be accelerated by trapping this energy by use of solar drier. Copra can be stored safely in well ventilated storage structures except in 25th to 39th week, relative humidity being below 80%. If proper ventilation is not maintained it may deteriorate even from 22nd week. From 22nd to 41st week the relative humidity ranges between 80-90% and equilibrium moisture content of copra above 4% which attracts fungus Penicillium frequentas. To avoid this, supplemental heat aeration (5°C above ambient) or use of industrial dessicants may be practised in storage structure.
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    More Facilities For Sri Lanka’ s Coconut Research Institute
    (2007) Patil, R.T.; Nambiar, C.K.B.
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    Solar cabinet dryer for plantation crops
    (1989) Patil, R.T.
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    Sun Drying Of Copra
    (1982) Patil, R.T.; Nambiar, C.K.B.
    The suitability of different drying surfaces and a solar drier (cabinet type) was assessed for effective drying of copra. The saving in time was observed as 21%, 31% and 39% by solar cabinet drier over black painted palmyra mat, jute cloth, and cement floor respectively. Solar cabinet drier showed higher drying rate during falling rate period (0.003 kg of water/kg of dry matter/hour) and black painted palmyra mat showed a higher rate of drying during constant rate period (0.1433 kg of water/kg of dry matter/hour). The colour of the oil obtained from the copra dried in solar cabinet drier and on black painted palmyra mat was clear. Drying of copra on black painted palmyra mat at first and later in solar cabinet drier, is suggested for quicker drying and larger operating capacity of the solar cabinet drier.
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    Use Of Propionic Acid For The Preservation Of Coconut Kernel
    (1981) Patil, R.T.
    Propionic acid in three concentrations for four soaking durations was tried for preservation of fresh kernel. Concentration of 1000 ppm for 30, 45 and 60 minutes soaking time was found effective for preservation upto a minimum of 96 hours. To avoid spoilage during drying at low temperature and high humidity conditions, effects of 3 concentrations at 2 soaking durations were studied. Application of propionic acid in concentrations of 750 ppm for 30 min. and 1000 ppm for 15 and 30 min. soaking were found satisfactory for arresting the microbial activity during drying. No effect was observed on the rate of drying due to application of the chemical.