Browsing by Author "Prafulla K. Das"

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    Arecanut marketing in India
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
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    Arecanut situation in India (An economic analysis)
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
    The index of arecanut production in India has moved from 153 in 1970 - 71 (Triennium ending 1961-62= 100) to 208 in 1980-81. The compound growth rates of area, production and yield of arecanut in the country are estimated at 0.32 per cent, 3.05 per cent and 2.69 per cent respectively, per annum for the period 1970-71 to 1979-80. India was turned to a net exporter of arecanut from the net importer from 1967 through her R 8- D efforts. The exports however, constitutes mere 0.15per cent to 0.37 per cent of Indias production. During the 1970s, the export growth rates have been very much spectacular, the annual compound rates for the quantity exported, export earnings and unit values being 12.07 per cent, 17.86 per cent and 5.17 per cent, respectively. The wholesale price index for different types of arecanut in 1980 have gone up by three to four times over 1959-62. Arecanut enterprise today is found to be highly paying due to both the attractive price incentives and the adoption of high density cropping systems in areca gardens by raising cacao, banana, cardamom, pepper, pineapple and several economically important crop species as inter/mixed crops. The outlook seems to be bright as the processing industry has been able to develop a few value added products that find ready acceptance among the non-traditional consumers.
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    Cashew export: Constraints and prospects
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
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    Coconut intercropping with cassava : An economic analysis
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
    An evaluation of the impact of Coconut intercropping wgth Cassava revealed greater returns to the resource management. Contrary to the general belief, the Cassava intercrop was even beneficial to coconut, as plots with this intercrop resulted in marginally higher yields than the plots with coconut alone.
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    Coconut marketing: Problems, prospects and challenges
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
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    Coconut situation in India
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
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    Economic prospects of coconut sector in India
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das; Vijayakumar, K.
    This paper covers three major aspects to trace the economic prospects of coconut sector in India. First aspect measures the growth in area, production and productivity in terms of compound growth rates. The relative contribution of area expansion and yield improvement to output growth is studied with the help of the Minnas-Vaidyanathan decomposition technique. In the second aspect, the nature and extent of price instabilities have been observed. Besides this, the seasonal influence on prices has been worked out by eliminating the trends and cyclic components. The third aspect relates to the yield expectations under different management levels and consequent economic returns.
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    Economic viability of coconut based farming systems in India
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
    Evaluation of various types of farming system models developed at different coconut research stations suggests that it is relatively more profitable to integrate a number of subsidiary crops and animal components with coconut rather than raising it as a monocrop.
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    The economics of cocoa mixed cropping with coconuts in India
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
    Cocoa was-introduced for commercial cultivation in India after experiencing success in field experiments as a mixed crop with coconuts and arecanuts at CPCRI during the early seventies. After a brief period of accelerated growth the momentum of cocoa expansion was not only checked, but also the newly introduced crop was exposed to gross neglect owing to unremunerative prices and marketing constraints. A protective price policy for cocoa has now been executed as a remedial measure to cocoa crisis, and this study aims to find out whether this protection could motivate the farmers to adopt cocoa as a mixed crop with coconuts. The analysis reveals that the net return from cocoa grown in the interspaces of coconuts amounts to Rs. 2900/ha/ year. The coconut-cocoa system as a whole promises a net return of Rs. 16,500/ha/year as against Rs. 7300/ha/year in the case of rainfed coconut monoculture. In view of this, the interplanting of cocoa with coconuts is found to be a very attractive proposition.
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    Economics of coconut based farming systems
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
    Economic evaluation of some of the promising coconut based farming system models was carried out at CPCRI with the 1988-89 factor-product costs to show the potential for resource maximization and enhancing net return from lands planted to coconut by adoption of farming systems approach. Feasibility studies under rainfed coconut gardens involving different crop species and varieties as intercrops revealed that the tubers and rhizomatous crops were relatively more remunerative components in the systems than that of cereals, pulses and oilseeds. The economic potential in terms of net profit in the case of coconut + amorphophallus system was worked out as US $ 1160 /ha/year and in the case of coconut + ginger system it was US $ 896 /ha/year, while coconut monocrop under similar situation gave a net return of US $ 319.
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    Economics of coconut-based farming systems
    (2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das
    The interest for palm based farming systems has stemmed from both technical and economic grounds. Feasibility studies under rainfed situation involving different species and varieties of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, tubers and rhizomes revealed that under Kerala conditions the tubers and rhizomes are relatively more compatible and remunerative intercrops than that of other groups in coconut gardens of Kerala. The economic potential in terms of net profit in the case of coconut + elephant foot-yam system was estimated at Rs 18550/ha/year, while it was Rs 14350 in the case of coconut + ginger system and Rs 5150 in coconut sole crop system. Among several feasible combinations under irrigation, one of the most promising systems is the integration of coconut + black pepper + cocoa + pineapple in an adult garden of above 20 years. The economic analysis suggests that this combination could generate a net return of Rs 33550/ha/year, while the net return realization from an irrigated middle aged coconut monocrop is estimated at Rs 23200/ha/year. The BCR in this system comes to 1.76, the IRR is higher than 20% and the annual NPW is Rs 32700. In the case of coconut-based irrigated mixed farming system involving the production of fodder grass in the interspaces of palms, training pepper on coconut, maintaining cross-bred cows and rabbits and raising of subsidiary crops, it was observed that the net return from 1 ha coconut block of 60-70 year age groupJcould be as high as Rs 29500 per annum. While the annual employment generations in 1 ha rainfed coconut monocrop and irrigated coconut monocrop are assessed at 120 and 144 mandays, the same was estimated at 620 mandays in the case of rainfed coconut + ginger system, 335 mandays on coconut + pepper + coconut + pineapple mixed cropping system and 850 mandays in coconut based mixed farming system. In the traditional homestead farmings in Kerala, the technical feasibility of coconut-based farming system is grossly misused, thus the opportunities to maximise the economic gains per unit area, input and time are lost.
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    Evaluation of LER and advantages in coconut/arecanut based systems
    (2007-02) Prafulla K. Das; Vijayakumar, K.
    Advantages in coconut and arecanut based mixed cropping systems are studied using Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Monetary Advantage (MA), Aggressivity Index (A) and Competition Ratio (CR). Under the irrigated system, arecanut and cacao combination gave a monetary advantage of Rs. 19,193 per ha per year with an LER of 2.18. Arecanut and pepper combination gave a monetary advantage of Rs. 18,402 per ha per year with an LER of 1.50. Coconut and cacao combination recorded a monetary advantage of Rs. 14,920 per ha per year with an LER of 1.46. Under rainfed system, coconut and ginger gave a monetary advantage of Rs. 29,683 per ha per year with a corresponding LER of 1.56. Coconut and turmeric recorded a monetary advantage of Rs. 16,483 per ha per year with an LER of 1.41.
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    Future for black pepper is not that bleak
    (2007-02) Prafulla K. Das
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    Kerala Coconut Replanting Project
    (2007-02) Nayar, N.M.; Prafulla K. Das; Jacob Mathew
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    Marketing of Ginger in India with Reference to World Trade
    (2007-02) Prafulla K. Das
    An attempt has veen made to highlight the broad aspects of marketing such as supply, demand and price trends of ginger. India continues to be the leading producer and exporter of ginger in the world for the past several years. The produce is exported to a large number of countries. The main ports of shipment are Cochin and Bombay. The destinations in order of importance of the trade are Middle East, UK and other Western Europe, USA and Canada, East Asia and Eastern Europe. In the world trade of ginger, India faces competition from relatively very small producers such as Jamaica, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Fiji Islands. During the last decade, the prices of ginger have been fluctuating violently. Effort must continue to reduce the uncertainties on prices, production and export of ginger.
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    Movement of Wholesale Prices of Coconuts, Copra and Coconut Oil in Kerala During the Last Two and Half Decades
    (1986) Prafulla K. Das
    This study reveals the highly erratic nature of movement of wholesale prices of coconuts, copra and coconut oil in respect of Calicut market which reflects the situation of entire Kerala State. The violent fluctuations in these prices are found to be for more than one reason. The major factor behind this is the uncertainty of weather which leads to the volatility in the supply-demand gap in the edible oil sector in general and coconut oil sector in particular. While the prospects of improved supplies of oilseeds and oils following favourable weather, liberal imports, lower tariff values and anti-inflationary measures favour the lowering of prices, the unfavourable weather, restricted imports, higher tariff values, inflationary spiral, and black economy push the prices forward. Easy availability of comparatively cheaper substitutes to coconut oil both in the edible and non-edible sectors appears to have made coconut oil noncompetitive, thus vulnerable to crash in prices in favourable years of production. For evading the present crisis of slump in coconut sector it is suggested to develop technology on the alternative use of coconuts, to extend the support price or market intervenation price system to milling copra and to adopt scientific coconut farming system which will ultimately bring desired cost effectiveness in coconut through increased productivity.
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    Pepper Marketing: Problems and Prospects
    (2007-02) Prafulla K. Das
    Black pepper is an important item in our agricultural exports. However, in recent years, India yielded her virtual monopoly position to Brazil, Malaysia and Indonesia in both the fields of production and export of pepper. The direction of Indian pepper trade has also undergone dramatic change to a considerable extent in these years. While our exports to the USA have declined substantially, the exports to the USSR and other centrally planned countries have gone up following bilateral trade agreements. A critical appraisal of current problems of pepper trade in India forms the basis of a number of proposals for tackling the issues.
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    The Place of Coconut Oil in Indian Vegetable Oils
    (2007-02) Prafulla K. Das