Browsing by Author "Sathiamma, B."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 64
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    Biological Control of Pests of Coconut
    (2000) Pillai, G.B.; Antony, J.; Mohan, K.S.; Mariamma Daniel; Devasahayam, S.; Sathiamma, B.; Dangar, T.K.; Ramachandran, C.P.; Abraham, V.A.; Bhat, S.K.; Sreekumar, K.R.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Chandrika Mohan; Murali Gopal; Sosamma, V.K.; Gulsar Banu, J.
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    Biological suppression of coconut pests
    (1999-05) Sathiamma, B.; Chandrika Mohan; Murali Gopal; Abraham, V.A.; Radhakrishnan Nair, C.P.
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    Biological suppression of Oryctes rhinoceros by re-release of Baculovirus oryctes in an infected contiguous area
    (2007-02-08) Biju Babjan; Sudha Devi, K.; Dangar, T.K.; Sathiamma, B.
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    Biological suppression of the white spider mite Oligonychus iseilemae (Hirst) on coconut foliage
    (2007-02-08) Sathiamma, B.
    Oligonychus iseilemae is one of the spider mite pests on the coconut palm foliage. This mite infests the ad-axial surface of the leaflets in colonies and the feeding results in the drying of the affected foliage. Natural predator complex of 0. iseilemae comprised six species of spider. A. (A.) paraaerialis, A. (T.) eucalypticus. Cunaxa selirostris and Agistemus sp. are the major mite predators. Insect predators comprised Coccinellidae, Cecidomyiidae, Chrysopidae and Thripidae. Clubionid spiders are also dominant predators on this mite pest. The biology, predator-potential, seasonal occurrence and predator-prey ratio of the important predators were discussed.
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    Coir waste: An alternative feed material for maintenance of baculovirus inoculated rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L)
    (2007-02-08) Murali Gopal; Sathiamma, B.
    Coir waste is a locally available unwanted product of coir factories in Kerala. Chemically it is a lignocellulose having high water retention capacity and porosity. It was proved to be a good alternative feed material for rearing Otyctes grubs in laboratory for the maintenance of Oryctes baculovirus (OBV) culture in vivo. On inoculation with approximately 0.S ml of OBV suspension, 48 per cent of grubs acquired this infection in sterilised coir waste whereas only 32 per cent did in sterilized cow dung. Moreover, loss of grubs due to secondary infection by bacterial septicemia was only 52 per cent as compared to 68 per cent in the same treatment.
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    Control of Arecanut Spindle Bug (Carvalhoia arecae Miller and China) Using Granular Insecticides
    (1976-06) Abraham, V.A.; Sathiamma, B.; Abraham, K.J.; Chandy Kurian
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    Control of Arecanut Spindle Bug Carvalhoia arecae M. and C. using Granular Insecticides in the Field
    (2007-02-08) Sathiamma, B.; Abdulla Koya, K.M.; Rawther, T.S.S.; Chandy Kurian
    Granular formulations of phorate, lindane and quinalphos were tested under field conditions in demonstration cum trial plots at CPCRI, Research Centre, Palode during 1977-1980. Trials proved that granular formulations of lindane and phorate, applied to the innermost two or three leaf axils @ 10 g per palm at quarterly intervals, in March, June, September and December effected significant control of the spindle bug population in the field. The cost of the insecticide granule+labour for treatment of 100 palms worked out to Rs. 301- for lindane and Rs. 381- for phorate.
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    Control of the coconut pest Oryctes rhinoceros L.using the Oryctes virus
    (2007-02-08) Murali Gopal; Alka Gupta; Sathiamma, B.; Radhakrishnan Nair, C.P.
    The coconut palm is an important plantation crop in India, where it is cultivated on 1.796 million hectares. The rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a serious pest of coconut throughout India and southeast Asia, causing an estimated 10% yield loss in the crop. Successful biological control of this pest could be achieved using the non-occluded Oryctes virus (syn. Baculovirus oryctes or Oryctes bacidovirus). This review provides an account of this microbial agent, its biology, effects and impact, production and maintenance and alternative hosts, particularly in the context of the Indian situation. It also proposes future areas for investigation on the virus, in order to achieve its commercial viability and more widespread use.
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    Effect of baculovirus infection on carbohydrate, protein and amino acid levels, and protease activity in haemolymph of Oryctes rhinoceros grubs
    (2007-02-08) Biju Babjan; Sudha Devi, K.; Dangar, T.K.; Sathiamma, B.; Pillai, G.B.
    The effect of baculovirus infection on the levels of sugars, proteins and aminoacids was studied in the haemolymph of third instar grubs of Oryctes rhinoceros. Baculovirus infected grubs maintained almost identical levels of total sugars as the healthy grubs at different stages of analysis. Total protein level was higher in the healthy grubs when compared to that in diseased ones, but reverse trend was observed in protease activity and amino acid levels. The dl4 post-infection was the critical phase at which drastic variations of the macromolecules occurred in the haemolymph.
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    Evaluation of six granular insecticides for the control of arecanut spindIe bug, Carvalhoia arecae Miller and China in the field
    (1979-08) Abdulla Koya, K.M.; Rawther, T.S.S.; Sathiamma, B.; Chandy Kurian
    SIX granular insecticides VIZ. lindane 60, carbaryl+ lindane 4 : 40, carbaryl 40, mephosfolan 50, thiodemeton 50 and quinalphos 50 were tested in the field against the spindle bug, Canalhoia arecae Miiler and China on arecanut palm. All the insecticides effected control of the pest. However, quinalphos was superior to mephosfolan and thiodemeton.
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    Field evaluation of the promising species of indigenous parasitoids in the biological suppression of Opisina arenosella Walker, the coconut leaf eating caterpillar
    (2007-02) Sathiamma, B.; Sabu, A.S.; Pillai, G.B.
    Biological suppression of the coconut leaf eating caterpillar Opisina arenosella is achieved by nearly 40 species of parasitoids and 20 species of predators. Among these, the bethylid, elasmid and chalcidid parasitoids are the most promising ones. Release of these stage-specific parasitoids at the fixed norms and intervals resulted in significant reduction (94%) in pest population after two years.
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    A fungal pathogen of lace bug and leaf eating caterpillar, two insect pests of coconut palm
    (2007-02) Murali Gopal; Alka Gupta; Sathiamma, B.; Chandrika Mohan; Chandramohanan Nair, K.R.; Soniya, V.P.
    Lace bug Stephanitis typica (D) and the leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella W. are two common pests in the coconut ecosystem. Lace bug is the vector of root (wilt) disease of coconut as it harbours and transmits the pathogenic "phytoplasma". Leaf eating caterpillar is an outbreak defoliator pest. During field collection of these insects, it was observed that in some samples there was green colour sporolation on the cadavers of these insects. From such specimens a fungus was isolated and purified It was identified as Aspergillus and then confirmed as A. flavus Link. In the laboratory, this fungus was tested for pathogenecity on hosts by different methods of spore application. It was observed that 80% S. typica nymphs died within 3 days and 80-90% of the O. arenosella larvae were mycosed within 3-4 days: In this paper, we discuss the above aspects in detail.
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    Insects and Mites Associated with the Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.)
    (1979) Chandy Kurian; Sathiamma, B.; Pillai, G.B.; Ponnamma, K.N.
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    Integrated Control of Rhinoceros Beetle
    (2007-02) Pillai, G.B.; Dangar, T.K.; Sathiamma, B.
    The rhinoceros beetle, Oryctcs rhinoceros L. is one of the key pests of the coconut palm. Adoption of mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological methods in an integrated manner is feasible for the effective management of the pest. Release of the reduvid predator Platymeris laevicollis can also be combined with the above operations, provided the crown treatment with insecticide is eliminated from the schedule. The entomogenous fungus MambMum anisopliae produces epizootics in Oryctes population. Baculovirus of Oryctes is one of the most successful microbial control agents employed for the biosuppression of the pest in several countries. Success achieved from the introduction of baculovirus in Minicoy and Androth in Lakshadweep and the impact of re-release of baculovirus to an already infected contiguous area are also highlighted.
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    Integrated Pest Management in Coconut
    (1999) Sathiamma, B.; Abraham, V.A.; Radhakrishnan Nair, C.P.
    In India, the major pests of coconut palm include the rhinoceros beetle. leaf eating caterpillar, red palm weevil and white grubs. There are occasional/sporadic pests such as, the slug caterpillars. coreid bug. lace bug, scale insects, mealy bugs, mites and rodents. Rhinoceros beetle is a ubiquitous pest causing serious damage to the unopened fronds and inflorescences. Integrated pest management of rhinoceros beetle may lead to an increase in yield of 5·8 nuts per palm per year. Biological suppression with the viral pathogen baculovirus of Orycres is an effective tool included in the IPM schedule for this pest. The leal eating caterpillar is a major pest in the coastal. backwater and certain interior tracts. Peak occurrence of this pest is during summer months. Relative humidity is a key factor favouring the build up of this pest. Technology involving u!;e of parasitoids and predators has been developed for the management of pest outbreaks. The iissue borer· red palm weevil is the most dreaded enemy of coconut. IPM schedule consisting of plant and field sanitation. prophylactic/curative control measures and trapping of adult weevils is effective in the management of the red palm weeVil. Root grubs cause severe damage in coastal sandy loam soils. This is a polyphagous pest affecting coconut and its intercrops. A permanent solution for this pest is feasible only by the integration of all known methods of control. For the control of the pest of minor importance, proper monitoring and surveillance are necessary to formulate a suitable biointensive IPM system wherein need based application of pesticides is undertaken.
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    Integrated Pest Management of the Major Pests of Coconut
    (2007-02) Sathiamma, B.; Abraham, V.A.; Chandy Kurian
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    The Leaf Roller Suastus Gremius Fab.(Lepidoptera Hesperiidae),A Minor Pest of Coconut Palm
    (2007-02) Sathiamma, B.; Abraham, V.A.; Chandy Kurian
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    Leaf-Eating Caterpillar A Problem in Coconut Cultivation
    (2007-02) Chandy Kurian; Sathiamma, B.