Browsing by Author "Satyabalan, K."

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    Age of seedling at transplanting in coconut
    (2007-02-08) Satyabalan, K.
    The age of coconut seedling at transplanting varies in different countries according to the prevailing practices and other conditions. It depends mainly on the ecological and climatic conditions in different countries and also in the different regions within each country. Young seedlings are planted in light soils like sandy soil, loamy soil, etc. whereas older seedlings are planted in heavy soils with high water table and also in areas which are likely to be affected by cyclones and hurricanes. It is also reported that in the case of older seedling while transplanting shock is greater and chances of mortality higher, the period of immaturity in the field is reduced. Another advantage of planting older seedlings is the lesser cost of maintaining these seedlings in a nursery than managing them in a plantation. In the case of young seedlings, selection on the basis of vigorous growth characters is difficult whereas in the case of older seedlings rigorous selection is possible. Thus there are merits and demerits in the practices followed by farmers in different countries. Research workers on coconut should consider and study all these aspects and recommend suitable practices to the farmers so that the time lag between planting and flowering of the seedlings as a result of transplanting shock is reduced to the minimum which will be of immense benefit to farmers of this economically important perennial crop.
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    Age of seedling at transplanting in coconut
    (1983-06) Satyabalan, K.
    The age of coconut seedling at transplanting varies in different countries according to the prevailing practices and other conditions. It depends mainly on the ecological and climatic conditions in different countries and also in the different regions within each country. Young seedlings are planted in light soils like sandy soil, loamy soil, etc. whereas older seedlings are planted in heavy soils with high water table and also in areas which are likely to be affected by cyclones and hurricanes. It is also reported that in the case of older seedling while transplanting shock is greater and chances of mortality higher, the period of immaturity in the field is reduced. Another advantage of planting older seedlings is the lesser cost of maintaining these seedlings in a nursery than managing them in a plantation. In the case of young seedlings, selection on the basis of vigorous growth characters is difficult whereas in the case of older seedlings rigorous selection is possible. Thus there are merits and demerits in the practices followed by farmers in different countries. Research workers on coconut should consider and study all these aspects and recommend suitable practices to the farmers so that the time lag between planting and flowering of the seedlings as a result of transplanting shock is reduced to the minimum which will be of immense benefit to farmers of this economically important perennial crop.
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    Breeding Methodology as Applicable to Coconut Improvement
    (1984) Iyer, R.D.; Satyabalan, K.; Bhaskara Rao, E.V.V.; Sukumaran, C.K.
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    Coconut growing in Fiji Islands
    (2007-02-08) Satyabalan, K.
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    Coconut hybrids
    (2007-02-08) Satyabalan, K.
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    The Coconut Palm
    (1994-12) Satyabalan, K.
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    Coconut variety Kalpa Dhenu
    (2009) Niral, V.; Augustine Jerard, B.; Samsudeen, K.; Arunachalam, V.; Kumaran, P.M.; Ratnambal, M.J.; Rao, E.V.V.B.; Filial, R.V.; Satyabalan, K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Nair, M.K.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nair, R.V.; George V. Thomas; Kumar, M.; Meenakshi Ganesan, N.; Arulraj, S.
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    Coconut variety Kalpa Mitra
    (2009) Niral, V.; Augustine Jerard, B.; Samsudeen, K.; Arunachalam, V.; Kumaran, P.M.; Ratnambal, M.J.; Rao, E.V.V.B.; Filial, R.V.; Satyabalan, K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Nair, M.K.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nair, R.V.; George V. Thomas; Bandopadhyay, A.; Ghosh, D.K.; Hore, J.K.; Sarangi, A.; Mitra, S.K.; Chattopadhyay, P.K.; Maity, S.C.; Arulraj, S.
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    Coconut variety Kalpa Pratibha
    (2009-05) Niral, V.; Augustine Jerard, B.; Samsudeen, K.; Arunachalam, V.; Kumaran, P.M.; Ratnambal, M.J.; Rao, E.V.V.B.; Pillai, R.V.; Satyabalan, K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Nair, M.K.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nair, R.V.; George V. Thomas; Reddy, V.S.K.; Goutham, B.; Kalpana, M.; Raghava Rao, D.V.; Nageswarao, M.B.; Srinivasulu, B.; Vaithilingam, R.; Natarajan, C.; Kumar, M.; Meenakshi Ganesan, N.; Nagwekar, D.D.; Arulraj, S.;
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    Comparative performance of progenies from Chowghat Dwarf Orange coconut
    (2007-02-08) Satyabalan, K.; Vijayakumar, G.
    A comparative study was made of yield attributes and nut characters of the progenies of Chowghat Dwarf Orange, selected for seedling vigour from four different populations obtained by four different methods, viz. (1) unemasculated and open-pollinated, (2) unemasculated and selfed, (3) emasculated and hybridized with WCT, (4) emasculated and open-pollinated. Data indicate that progenies from population (3) gave the highest cumulative yield as well as annual yield, closely followed by those from population (2) although this relationship was not maintained for the other yield attributes studied. The mean copra outturn as well as oil content was maximum in progenies from population (2) followed by those from (3).
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    Comparative study of fibre from some cultivars of coconut in relation to certain characters of the nut
    (1968-12) Gopinathan Nair, R.; Satyabalan, K.
    A comparative study was made of certain characters of the fibre extracted from ten exotic and four indigenous cultivars of coconut in relation to some characters of the nut harvested at four different stages of maturity. The weight of the fruit (un-husked nut), weight and thickness of the husk, weight and percentage of the fibre in the husk, and fibre characters like specific gravity, diameter and the length : diameter ratio of the ultimate fibre cells were found to vary significantly between varieties and according to the period of maturity. Nut weight and husk weight are highly correlated with fibre content. 'strait?.... Settlements Green', 'Kappadam', 'Tall XDwarf' jer outturn of both copra and fibre. For or 11-month-old nuts were found to be better.
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    Correlation studies on the nut and copra characters of West Coast Tall coconuts harvested during different months of the year
    (2007-02-08) Satyabalan, K.; Jacob Mathew
    Correlation studies were conducted on nut and copra characters of nuts, harvested during different months of the year from West Coast Tall (WCT) palms grown under rainfed conditions at CPCRI Kasaragod. There was significant correlations between 1) weight of fruit (unhusked nut) and weight of husked nut 2) the weight of fruit and weight of husk 3) weight of husked nut and wet weight of kernel 4) weight of husked nut and wet weight of shell 5) weight of husked nut and weight of copra 6) wet weight of kernel and weight of copra and 7) weight of shell and weight of copra in the nuts harvested during the different months of the year irrespective of seasonal effects on these characters. Slight differences in the magnitude of the association noticed in the different months can be attributed to the effect of season prevailing during development.
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    Early germination and seedling selection in coconut
    (2007-02-08) Satyabalan, K.
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    Genetic improvement of coconut palm
    (2007-02) Satyabalan, K.
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    Genetic improvement of coconut palm
    (1984-08) Satyabalan, K.
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    Genetic improvement of coconut palm - Combining ability of palms in Dwarf x Tall hybrids
    (2007-02) Satyabalan, K.; Rajagopal, K.
    Seedlings of eight combinations of Dwarf female x Tall male obtained from crosses between five Dwarf genotypes and three Tall genotypes were studied to identify the parental combination which would yield maximum number of hybrids. The palms were selected on the basis of nut characters like shell and copra content in the husked nuts of dwarf palms and husk and copra content in the fruits of tall palms. The seedlings obtained from these combinations were scored for heterotic hybrids on the basis of petiole colour and vigorous growth of the seedlings in the nursery. The study has indicated that to obtain maximum number of hybrid seedlings, it is preferable to select dwarf palms which yield nuts having a low shell content (less than 20 per cent of husked nut weight) as pistillate parents and tall palms which yield nuts which have less husk content (less than 50 per cent of the weight of fruit) and a high copra content per nut (above 150 gm per nut) as pollen parents. It may be possible to identify individual palms in both the parents which when combined may yield a large number of hybrid seedlings. Seedlings of the best combiners should be utilized for laying out hybrid seed gardens for large scale production of hybrids.
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    Genetic improvement of coconut palm- combining ability of palms in Dwarf x Tall hybrids
    (1987-06) Satyabalan, K.; Rajagopal, K.
    Seedlings of eight combinations of Dwarf female x Tall male obtained from crosses between five Dwarf genotypes and three Tall genotypes were studied to identify the parental combination which would yield maximum number of hybrids. The palms were selected on the basis of nut characters like shell and copra content in the husked nuts of dwarf palms and husk and copra content in the fruits of tall palms. The seedlings obtained from these combinations were scored for heterotic hybrids on the basis of petiole colour and vigorous growth of the seedlings in the nursery. The study has indicated that to obtain maximum number of hybrid seedlings, it is preferable to select dwarf palms which yield nuts having a low shell content (less than 20 per cent of husked nut weight) as pistillate parents and tall palms which yield nuts which have less husk content (less than SO per cent of the weight of fruit) and a high copra content per nut (above 150 gm per nut) as pollen parents. It may be possible to identify individual palms in both the parents which when combined may yield a large number of hybrid seedlings. Seedlings of the best combiners should be utilized for laying out hybrid seed gardens for large scale production of hybrids.
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    Genetic improvement of the coconut palm - Prepotency studies
    (2007-02) Satyabalan, K.; Rajagopal, K.
    A comparative study of two growth characters viz., collar girth and leaf production at the fifth month from germination of 1190 open pollinated progenies of 43 high yielding mother palms and 224 open pollinated progenies of 10 high yielding mother palms has indicated that the progenies of only five palms are superior to those of others in the nursery. In these palms 60% and above of their progenies have growth characters above the general mean of 1414 progenies of 53 palms. Three of these mother palms come under the first and third groups and are stable high yielders, yielding more than 80 nuts per palm per year and give a copra outturn of more than 15 kg per palm per year. The fourth one belongs to the second group, the copra outturn of which is low, and hence not considered. The fifth one belongs to the second lot of the fifth group of stable high yielders. The growth of the progenies of the selected four palms at the fifth month from the time of germination is in general more vigorous irrespective of the months of harvest and germination when compared to others. These palms which show a high rate of transmission of growth characters to their progenies can be considered as likely prepotents. In another study, of 146 F2 open pollinated progenies derived from three high yielding prepotent palms indicated that prepotency is not transmitted to all the open pollinated second generation progenies.