Browsing by Author "Shantaram, M.V."

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    Effect of growing green manure legumes in the basins of root (wilt) affected coconut palms
    (2007-02) George V. Thomas; Mathew George; Shantaram, M.V.
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    In situ cultivation and incorporation of green manure legumes in coconut basins
    (2007-02) George V. Thomas; Shantaram, M.V.
    Nine species of green manure legumes were tested for their ability to grow and establish in basins under coconut. Pueraria phaseoloides, Mimosa invisa and Calopogonium mucunoides were suitable yielding 19.43, 17.00 and 14.71 kg of green matter per basin. P. phaseoloides and M. invisa were effectively nodulated with native soil rhizobia as compared to C. mucunoides. Green manuring at 20 kg per palm induced a high level of zymogenic response by microorganisms in the coconut rhizosphere. Enzymatic activity in coconut rhizo-sphere also increased due to green manure addition.
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    Isolation and Testing of Symbiotic Effectiveness of Rhizobia for Pueraria phaseoloides and Calopogonium mucunoides
    (2007-02) George V. Thomas; Shantaram, M.V.
    Isolates of Rhizobium sp. obtained from eight different forage legumes were tested for their nodulation and nitrogen fixing efficiency on Pueraria phaseoloides and Calopogonium mucunoides in Leonard jar assemblies. Both the legumes were promiscuous in their rhizobial requirement. Two efficient isolates were recognised which were further tested for their efficiency under field conditions along with two composite cultures from NifTAL. The NjfTAL cultures were effective in nodulating and increasing the dry matter production in C. mucunoides. P. phaseoloides was effectively nodulated by native soil rhizobia and hence did not respond to rhizobial inoculation.
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    Isolation and Testing of Symbiotic Effectiveness of Rhizobia for Pueraria phaseoloides and Calopogonium mucunoides
    (1987) George V. Thomas; Shantaram, M.V.
    Isolates of Rhizobium sp. obtained from eight different forage legumes were tested for their nodulation and nitrogen fixing efficiency on Pueraria phaseoloides and Calopogonium mucunoides in Leonard jar assemblies. Both the legumes were promiscuous in their rhizobial requirement. Two efficient isolates were recognised which were further tested for their efficiency under field conditions along with two composite cultures from NifTAL. The NifTAL cultures were effective in nodulating and increasing the dry matter production in C. mucunoides. P. phaseoloides was effectively nodulated by native soil rhizobia and hence did not respond to rhizobial inoculation.
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    Occurrence and activity of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from coconut plantation soils
    (2007-02) Shantaram, M.V.; Saraswathy, N.; George V. Thomas
    The occurrence of phosphate-solubilizing fungi in coconut plantation soil types was investigated. The laterite, alluvial and clayey soils harboured more of the P-solubilizing fungi than the sandy soils. The isolated P-solubilizing fungi solubilized 26 to 74 per cent of the tri-calcium phosphate in 5 to 15 days. The competitive saprophytic ability of the active P-solubilizing I fungi in soil varied between the isolates. Eight fungi with high P-solubilizing capacity and high competitive saprophytic ability were recognised. They have better capacity to survive in soil and express their role in P-solubilization.
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    Preliminary Observations on Tender Nut Drop in Arecanut
    (2007-02) Chandra Mohanan, R.; Shantaram, M.V.
    Tender nut drop in arecanut reckoned as a serious problem in some parts of Kerala and Karnataka states, generally occurs during April-July. Symptomatology studies revealed the presence of one or more puncture marks on the surface of the affected nuts. Such lesions were found leading to the kernel causing dark brown discolouration. These symptoms were observed on 62 per cent of the freshly fallen nuts collected from 19 gardens during 1984-85. No fungus could be found associated with this malady. When healthy tender nuts were injured by piercing with a fine needle. 80-93 per cent nut drop was observed. Preliminary field control trial using fungicides, insecticides and a bactericide given as spray to the bunches revealed the efficacy of insecticides in reducing tender nut drop. The tender nut drop was the least in the Endosulfan (1.6 mIi/1) treated palms. The symptomatology, absence of any fungus in the affected nuts and the reduction in nut drop in the insecticide-treated plots suggest the possible association of an insect with tender nut drop in arecanut.
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    Response to rhizobial inoculation in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de wit
    (1986) George V. Thomas; Shantaram, M.V.; Hegde, S.V.
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    Solubilization Of Inorganic Phosphates By Bacteria From Coconut Plantation Soils
    (1986) George V. Thomas; Shantaram, M.V.
    Studies on the distribution of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in coconut plantation soils revealed that clayey soils harboured less population than laterite, alluvial and sandy soils. Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Micrococcus roseus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium sp. and Alcaligenes sp. were the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria encountered in coconut soils. In vitro estimation of the phosphate-solubilizing ability of the isolates revealed solubilization of 19.S to 54 per cent of the insoluble phosphates supplied in the culture broth. Inoculation of soils with efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria after addition of farm yard manure and rock phosphate released more available P from insoluble P sources. , M. roseus and B. subtilis possessed better capacity to survive in unamended soils, as compared to the other phosphate-solubilizing bacteria tested and have a great potential as inoculants in crop plants for better utilization of insoluble P-sources.
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