Browsing by Author "Sukumaran, A.S."
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Item Biological Control of Pests of Coconut(2000) Pillai, G.B.; Antony, J.; Mohan, K.S.; Mariamma Daniel; Devasahayam, S.; Sathiamma, B.; Dangar, T.K.; Ramachandran, C.P.; Abraham, V.A.; Bhat, S.K.; Sreekumar, K.R.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Chandrika Mohan; Murali Gopal; Sosamma, V.K.; Gulsar Banu, J.Item Crop loss due to root (wilt) and leaf rot diseases and Oryctes infestation of coconut in the disease affected areas in Kerala, South India(2007-02-08) George, M.V.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Thommen, K.J.Root (wilt) and leaf rot are the major diseases seriously affecting the yield of coconut in Central and Southern Kerala. Of the. pests Oryctes rhinoceros L. is the most important, attacking the tender leaves and spathes. The root (wilt) disease affected areas on the west coast of India consist of seven districts of Kerala state viz. Ernakulam, Idikki, Kottayam, Alleppey and Quilon districts in full and part of Tricbur and Trivandrum districts where a survey was conducted using a multistage sampling procedure during 1971-76 to estimate the total production and the loss in coconut jield due to incidence of root (wilt) and leaf rot and Oryctes infestations. Among the 7 districts surveyed the total annual production of nuts was maximum in Alleppey district (406 million nuts). Ernakulam, Kottayam and Quilon districts produced annually 357 million, 337 million and 331 million - nuts respectively. The average yield per palm was found to be very low in the severely disease affected districts (Alleppey 31 nuts, Kottayam 32 nuts and Idikki 35 nats). the average yield of a healthy palm fr«e from disease and Oryctes infestation was also high in Trichur (61 nuts) and Ernakulam (60 nuts) districts. The loss in yield was estimated to be about 75% for trees in the advanced stages of the disease and 25 to 50% in the early stages. The loss due to Oryctes infestation was found to vary from 1 to 6 nuts per palm in different districts. The loss of nuts due to disease and pest was maximum in Kottayam district (125 million nuts annually) followed by Alleppey district (113 million nuts). In Quilon and Ernakulam districts, loss due to disease and pest was 73 million and 58 million nuts respectively. In Trivandrum an:l Tricbur districts the total loss was only 14 million nuts and 8 million nuts respectively. The overall loss of production due to the diseases and Oryctes was estimated at 419 million nuts which would amount to 20% of annual production in the disease affected tract.Item Crop loss due to Root (wilt) and Leaf Rot Diseases and Oryctes Infestation of Coconut in the disease affected areas in Kerala, South India(1985-01) George, M.V.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Thommen, K.J.Root (wilt) and leaf rot are the major diseases seriously affecting the yield of coconut in Central and Southern Kerala. Of the pests Oryctes rhinoceros L. is the most important, attacking the tender leaves and spathes. The root (wilt) disease affected areas on the west coast of India consist of seven districts of Kerala state viz. Ernakulam, Idikki, Kottayam Alleppey and Quilon districts in full and part of Trichur and Trivandrum districts where a survey was conducted asing a multistage sampling procedure during 1971-76 to estimate the total production and the less in coconut yield due to incidence of root (wilt) and leaf rot and Oryctes infestations. Among the 7 districts surveyed the total annual production of nuts was maximum in Alleppey district (406 million nuts). Ernakulam, Kottayam and Quilon districts produced annually 357 million, 337 million and 331 million nuts respectively. The average yield per palm was found to be very low in the severely disease affected districts (Alleppey 31 nuts, Kottayam 32 nuts and Idikki 35 nuts). The average yield of a healthy palm free from disease and Oryctes infestation was also high in Trichur (61 nuts) and Ernakulam (60 nuts) districts. The loss in yield was estimated to be about 75%- for trees in the advanced stages of the disease and 25 to 50% in the early stages. The loss due to Orycles infestation was .found to vary from 1 to 6 nuts per palm in different districts... The loss of nuts due to disease and pest was maximum in Kottayam district (125 million nuts annually) followed by Alleppey district (113 million nuts). In Quilon and Ernakulam districts, loss due to disease and pest was 73 million and 58 million nuts respectively. In Trivandrum and Trichur districts the total loss was only 14 million nuts and 8 million nuts respectively. The overall loss of production due to the diseases and Oryctes was estimated at 419 million nuts which would amount to 20% of annual production in the disease affected tract.Item Field evaluation of BHC carbaryl and endosulfan for the control of the coconut coreid bug, Paradasynus rostratus Distant(2007-02) Ponnamma, K.N.; Chandy Kurian; Sukumaran, A.S.; Abdulla Koya, K.M.Field evaluation of BHC, car-baryl and endosulfan for the control of coconut coreid bug, Paradasynus rostratus Distant was carried out. Results revealed that it is advisable to use carbaryl 0.05 per cent or endosulfan 0.1 per cent for the control of this coreid bug.Item Field evaluation of BHC, Carbaryl and Endosulfan for the control of the coconut coreid bug, Daradasynus rostratus Distant(1985-02) Ponnamma, K.N.; Chandy Kurian; Sukumaran, A.S.; Abdulla Koya, K.M.Item Impact of transfer of technology on small coconut holdings of Kerala(1993) Muliyar, M.K.; Thomas Joseph; Sukumaran, A.S.With a view to enhancing the socio-economic condition of the farm families in the villages of Kerala, two operational research projects on integrated land use and garden land management at Muttathody village in the northern zone and package of practices for the coconut root (wilt) affected disease area at Krishnapuram village in the southern zone of Kerala were started. Identified technologies were adopted and the developmental activities were extended to farmers in collaboration with different agencies. These activities included popularising agricultural and animal husbandry practices for different strata of farming community, integrated land use plan, timely supply of inputs, arranging agricultural credit, constructing community irrigation tanks and providing electrical energy to the village. The post-operational survey revealed that there was considerable increase in the nutrient consumption as well as yield of coconuts when compared to the pre-operational period. There was 49 per cent decline in the leaf rot disease. The yield of paddy has increased from 137 to 2.671 per ha between 1974 and 1983. The adoption of intercropping and mixed cropping in coconut and arecanut gardens also increased considerably. The improved goat breeds Sannen and Malabari introduced into the operational area enhanced the milk production by three times. The production rate of fresh-water fish in the Krishnapuram village increased from 0-244 kg/ha during 1976 to 395-700 kg/ha during 1982-83. The total area under irrigation increased by SO per cent. The number of pumpsets installed in the village increased from 93 to 388 during the project period. By arranging power supply to the Muttathody village 295 wells and 502 houses were electrified.Item Incidence of Root (Wilt) and Leaf Rot Diseases and Oryctes Infestation in Kerala(2007-02) George, M.V.; Thommen, K.J.; Sukumaran, A.S.The root (wilt) disease affected coconut areas in Kerala were surveyed adopting a multistage sampling procedure during 1971 - 76 to estimate the percentage of palms affected by root (wilt) and leaf rot diseases and infested by Oryctes. The incidence of disease was maximum in Alleppey district (54%) followed by Kottayam (50%) and Idikki (43%) districts and minimum in Trichur district (less than 5%) where the disease incidence was limited to the southern villages. The Oryctes infestation was as high as 75 % in Quilon district and 70 % in Alleppey district. It is the lowest in Trichur district (39 %). In other districts the infestation varied from 59% to 66%. The association of Oryctes infestation with these diseases was also discussed.Item Integrated Pest Management in Coconut(2007-02) Padmanaban, B.; Sukumaran, A.S.Item Population structure and breeding season in Rattus rattus wroughtoni Hinton(2007-02) Keshava Bhat, S.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Advani, R.; Sujatha, A.Observations were made from July 1982 to June 1985 on certain aspects of the population ecology of Rattus rattus wroughtoni Hinton. Altogether 2639 specimens of rats were collected. The male to female ratio was 0-87:10. Male rats were significantly heavier and bigger than the females. Pregnant female rats were encountered throughout the year with two peaks, one during early summer (February-March) and the other during monsoon (July-August). The incidence of pregnancy was lowest in May when the day temperature was maximum. The litter size ranged from 1-8. The pre-implantation loss was 0-75 ovum per female.Item Population structure and breeding season in Rattus rattus wroughtoni Hinton(1987-11) Keshava Bhat, S.; Sujatha, A.; Advani, R.; Sukumaran, A.S.Observations were made from July 1982 to June 1985 on certain aspects of the population ecology of Rattus rattus wroughtoni Hinton. Altogether 2639 specimens of rats were collected. The male to female ratio was 0-87:1-0. Male rats were significantly heavier and bigger than the females. Pregnant female rats were encountered throughout the year with two peaks, one during early summer (February-March) and the other during monsoon (July-August). The incidence of pregnancy was lowest in May when the day temperature was maximum. The litter size ranged from 1-8. The pre-implantation loss was 0-75 ovum per female.Item Rat Damage to Coconut - A Review(1983) Sukumaran, A.S.; Chandy KurianItem Stored Product Pests Of Plantation Crops And Their Management(1998) Sukumaran, A.S.Item Technology Assessment And Refinement Through Institute- Village Linkage A Survey Report(1997) Srinivasa Reddy, D.V.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Thamban, C.; Sairam, C.V.; Hegde, M.R.Item Varietal Resistance Studies(2007) Sethumadhava Menon, K.; Sukumaran, A.S.; Thommen, K.J.