Browsing by Author "Sukumaran, C.K."
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Item Assessment of specific and general combining abilities of nine coconut cultivars(2007-02-08) Sukumaran, C.K.A diallel programme with 36 crosses and nine parents was undertaken to analyse the general and specific combining abilities (gca and sca) of nine coconut cultivars of diverse origin, and their hybrids, for live important characters. Results of dialled analysis showed that girth, height, total leaf production and leaf production daring the year, were significant among the characters studied. The cross combinations, Laccadive Ordinary x Jamaica, and Fiji x Jamaica exhibited high sca effects for total leaf production and leaf production during the year. Laccadive, Jamaica, Java, Fiji and San Ramon cultivars proved useful as parents among the Tall cultivars. The DxT and TxD crosses involving Gangabondam as the dwarf parent flowered early. The total leaf production was also high in these crosses. In TxT crosses, JavaxSS Green, Laccadive Ordinary X Jamaica, and Fiji X Jamaica flowered early.Item Assessment of specific and general combining abilities of nine coconut cultivars(1984) Sukumaran, C.K.A diallel programme with 36 crosses and nine parents was undertaken to analyse the general and specific combining abilities (gca and sca) of nine coconut cultivars of diverse origin, .and their hybrids, for five important characters. Results of diallel analysis showed that girth, height, total leaf production and leaf production during the year, were significant among the characters studied. The cross combinations, Laccadive Ordinary x Jamaica, and Fijix Jamaica exhibited high, sea effects for total leaf production and leaf production during the year. Laccadive, Jamaica, Java, Fiji and San Ramon cultivars proved useful as parents among the Tall cultivars. The D X T and T x D crosses involving , . Gangabondam as the dwarf parent flowered early. The total leaf production was also high in these crosses. In TxT crosses, JavaxSS Gteen, Laccadive Ordinary x Jamaica, .and Fiji x Jamaica flowered early.Item Breeding Methodology as Applicable to Coconut Improvement(1984) Iyer, R.D.; Satyabalan, K.; Bhaskara Rao, E.V.V.; Sukumaran, C.K.Item Coconut improvement by selection and breeding - A review in the light of recent findings(2007-02-08) Bavappa, K.V.A.; Sukumaran, C.K.The major breeding objectives have been identified as higher yield of oil per unit area of coconut plantation and resistance/tolerance to serious diseases such as root (wilt), thattipakka, and stem bleeding. The breeding systems vary widely in Tall and Dwarf cultivars. The advantages of selecting the best 10% of palms in a given population as mother trees for seed nut collection and breeding purposes have been indicated. Studies on the relationship between ] yield of nuts, copra content per nut, total yield of copra/palm, and yield of oil/palm showed that in West Coast Tall, the mean copra content/nut, though negatively correlated with yield, does not affect annual outturn of copra/palm, the threshold value being 162.6 nuts, and that the yield of oil/palm and yieldjof nuts were significantly and positively correlated. The necessity for applying selection pressure on weight of copra/nut and oil percentage in addition to number of nuts has been indicated keeping in view the variability and heritability data available for these characters. Selling of West Coast Tall palms confirmed the earlier observation that it is heterozygous for height while Chowghat Dwarf Orange variety is heterozygous for colour, vigour, and stature. Palms which breed true for these characters are also present in the population. In addition to the wide variations observed in the percentage of heterozygotes for vigour realised by selling or under open pollination of Dwarf Orange or under specific cross combinations with Tall, the progenies were also observed to segregate for colour. Further experiments are to be taken up for a better understanding of the genetic make up of the Tall and Dwarf varieties. The different approaches that may be pursued for improving their genetic base and the possibilities of realising a higher percentage of hybrids in the Dwarf x Tall crosses are discussed in the light of available data.Item Contain coconut root (wilt) disease by eradication of diseased palms(1985-10) Radha, K.; Kochu Babu, M.; Rethinam, P.; Antony, K.J.; Sukumaran, C.K.Item Contain coconut root (wilt) disease by eradication of diseased palms(2007-02-08) Radha, K.; Kochu Babu, M.; Rethinam, P.; Antony, K.J.; Sukumaran, C.K.Item Discriminant function analysis in coconut seedlings(2007-02-08) Vijayakumar, K.; Jacob Mathew; Sukumaran, C.K.Data on 192 seedlings from 16 families of West Coast Tall variety was utilised for constructing a discriminant function for classifying seedlings into high/low yielders at the nursery stage using 11 seedling characters. Time taken for flowering was adopted to judge a palm as high/low yielding. The function based on this criterion was significant. Girth, number of leaves, weight of the seedling and number of thick roots were found to contribute maximum in discriminating between potentially high/low yielders.Item Identification and critical study of eilte palms to evolve an ideal plant type in coconut(Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Regional station Kayangulam, 1982) Iyer, R.D.; Rao, E.V.V.B.; Sukumaran, C.K.; Jacob, P.M.; Viveknath, B.C.; Govindankutty, M.P.Item Large Scale Production of Superior Coconut Planting Material(2007) Bavappa, K.V.A.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Sukumaran, C.K.; Nair, K.K.Item Path Coefficient Analysis in Coconut(2007-02) Sukumaran, C.K.; Narasimhayya, C.; Vijayakumar, G.Yield in coconut is a complex character dependent upon a large number of components and their interactions. Path coefficient analysis was carried out to know direct and indirect effects of characters influencing yield. The correlation coefficients were partitioned into direct effects (path coefficients) and indirect effects in order to pinpoint the direct and indirect effects of these associations. In 43 progenies of eight high yielding W.C.T. palms of known parentage, planted at CPCRI, Kasaragod in 1953, 12 vegetative as well as reproductive characters observable at different stages of growth till yield stabilization were observed. The age of plants was calculated from the date of sowing of nuts. Path coefficient analysis was carried out for two yield characters namely, (1) yield of nuts during stabilized period, (2) cumulative yield upto 24 years after sowing, taking two sets of yield contributing characters. Seven yield contributing characters were kept common in these two analyses. The analysis for yield of nuts during stabilized period showed that the major contributing characters which influenced directly or indirectly were average number of female flowers, number of functioning leaves at 19 years, and internodal distance at fixed mark. These characters influenced yield negatively indicating their value in selection.Item A Study of the F1, Hybrids of Tall x Dwarf Coconut and its Bearing on the Genetics of Dwarfness(2007) Bavappa, K.V.A.; Sukumaran, C.K.; Jacob MathewGenetic divergence using Mahatanobis D2 technique was studied in nine F1 families of West Coast Tall x Dwarf green coconut hybrids for 13 vegetative characters and yield components. Bulk F1 populations of the same cross as well as open pollinated progenies of West Coast .Tall were also studied. Individual cross combinations differed significantly for all the characters studied and could be grouped into four clusters depending on similarities of their D2 values. Setting percentages female flower production, length of leaf, number of leaf scars/metre, number of functioning leaves and height contributed maximum towards the total divergence. The pattern of clustering indicated that phenotypic uniformity can involve considerable genetic diversity. It was suggested that proper choice of palms even among tall and dwarf varieties of coconut may be done for the efficient exploitation of these hybrids. The polygenic nature of the character of dwarfness in coconut has been discussed and the genetic status of the offtype segregants in the dwarf explained.Item Towards An Ideal Plant Type Concept In Coconut(1982) Iyer, R.D.; Bhaskara Rao, E.V.V.; Sukumaran, C.K.; Jacob, P.M.The average yield of coconut in India is 35 nuts/palm/year, whereas some of the elite palms are reported to have yields ranging from 200 nuts to over 600 nuts under apparently little or no management. A survey of these elite palms indicated that they are free from disease, although growing in diseased environment for two or more decades. All these elite palms conform to a spherical or hemispherical canopy, the other being the large number of leaves showing a slower rate of senescence, and well-supported (non-buckling) bunches which become ready for harvest at regular intervals. A large number of vegetative and floral characters have been recorded for the inclusion in a model for an ideal plant type in coconut. The seedling progenies raised from the elite palms have been studied using a cumulative indexing procedure and compared with seedling progenies of certain pre-potent palms which show a high rate of yield transmitting ability. Some progenies appeared more uniform than others, thus bearing a close resemblance to those of the prepotent palm. They have been planted both in healthy and disease-affected areas for analysing their further behaviour. Details of above study are discussed in this paper.Item Variation in Germination Pattern of Coconut Cultivars and Hybrids(2007) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Jacob Mathew; Sukumaran, C.K.The coconut varieties, West Coast Tall, Chowghat Dwarf Green, Laccadive Ordinary, Ganga-bondam, Strait Settlement Apricot, and Tall x Dwarf show variations in the number 6f days taken for germination from the date of harvest and in the optimum period of storage as indicated by the minimum number of days taken for germination. Though within variety variation exists in the W.C. Tall 85 per cent of the families conform to the general trend of the cultivar. S.S. Apricot is one which takes a noticeably less numbei of days for germination. The significance of the pattern of germination in taxonomic and genetical studies in the crop is indicated.Item Variation In Germination Pattern Of Coconut Cultivars And Hybrids(1973) Nampoothiri, K.U.K.; Jacob Mathew; Sukumaran, C.K.The coconut varieties, West Coast Tall, Chowghat Dwarf Green, Laccadive Ordinary, Ganga-bondam, Strait Settlement Apricot, and Tall x Dwarf show variations in the number of days taken for germination from the date of harvest and in the optimum period of storage as indicated by the minimum number of days taken for germination. Though within variety Variation exists in the W.C. Tall 85 per cent of the families conform to the general trend of the cultivar. S.S. Apricot is one which takes a noticeably less numbei of days for germination. The significance of the pattern of germination in taxonomic and genetical studies in the crop is indicated.