Browsing by Author "Sundararaju, P."

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    Additional host records of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
    (2007) Sundararaju, P.; Sosamma, V.K.; Koshy, P.K.
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    Additional host records of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
    (2007-02-08) Sundararaju, P.; Sosamma, V.K.; Koshy, P.K.
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    Burrowing nematode a potential threat to agriculture
    (2007-02-08) Koshy, P.K.; Sundararaju, P.; Sosamma, V.K.
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    Coconut and arecanut based high density multispecies cropping systems
    (2007-02-08) Bavappa, K.V.A.; Kailasam, C.; Khader, K.B.A.; Biddappa, C.C.; Khan, H.H.; Kasthuri Bai, K.V.; Ramadasan, A.; Sundararaju, P.; Bopaiah, B.M.; George V. Thomas; Misra, L.P.; Balasimha, D.; Bhat, N.T.; Shama Bhat, K.
    High density multispecies cropping models were laid out one each in coconut and arecanut plantations during 1983. Data on various aspects of the system behaviour showed that the yield of coconut and arecanut increased to the extent of 176% and 12S% respectively in the two systems. The possibility of getting additional yields due to cropping system approach was, evident. There was no marked yield difference of the crops in the full, two-third and one-third levels of fertilizers applied though depletion in N and Mg balance was indicated. The air space utilisation was 31% in coconut while it was 63% in the arecanut system. The biomass production of the two systems showed that there was substantial increase in coconut biomass while the biomass of other crops remained more or less the same. In general, there was build-up of P and K nutrients in the systems. Under the arecanut system N also showed increased balance. There was improved microbial activity in the systems. No serious pest and disease management problems were indicated due to the high density cropping system approach. A number of crop varieties and hybrids tolerant/resistant to the nematode pathogen could be identified. The interaction of various, factors for exploiting higher levels of productivity through a system approach and the need for predicting crop choices based on data and crop performance are discussed in the paper.
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    Coconut and arecanut based high density multispecies cropping systems
    (1986-12) Bavappa, K.V.A.; Kailasam, C.; Khader, K.B.A.; Biddappa, C.C.; Khan, N.H.; Kasthuri Bai, K.V.; Ramadasan, A.; Sundararaju, P.; Bopaiah, B.M.; George V. Thomas; Misra, L.P.; Balasimha, D.; Bhat, N.T.; Shama Bhat, K.
    High density multispecies cropping models were laid out one each in coconut and arecanut plantations during 1983. Data on various aspects of the system behaviour showed that the yield of coconut and arecanut increased to the extent of 176% and 125% respectively in the two systems. The possibility of getting additional yields due to cropping system approach was evident. There was no marked yield difference of the crops in the full, two-third and one-third levels of fertilizers applied though depletion in N and Mg balance was indicated. The air space utilisation was 31% in coconut while it was 63% in the arecanut system. The biomass production of the two systems showed that there was substantial increase in coconut biomass while the biomass of other crops remained more or less the same. In general, there was build-up of P and K nutrients in the systems. Under the arecanut system N also showed increased .balance. There was improved microbial activity in the systems. No serious pest and disease management problems were indicated due to the high density cropping system approach. A number of crop varieties and hybrids tolerant/resistant to the nematode pathogen could be identified. The interaction of various factors for exploiting higher levels of productivity through a system approach and the need for predicting crop choices based on data and crop performance are discussed in the paper.
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    Control of Radopholus similis on arecanut seedlings with aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, carbofuran and fensulfothion
    (2007-02-08) Sundararaju, P.; Koshy, P.K.
    Efficacy of 4 systemic nematicides (aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, carbofuran and fensulfothion @ 1 g a.i./ plant) applied 3 times in a year for 3 years, were tested against Radopholus similis on arecanut seedlings, All the chemicals were effective in reducing the numbers of R. similis significantly and increasing plant growth in comparison to control plants. Aldicarb and fensulfothion were most effective while aldicarb sulfone and carbofuran were less effective in controlling nematodes. None of the chemicals was phytotoxic on arecanut seedlings.
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    Distribution of phytoparasitic nematodes on arecanut in South India
    (2007-02-08) Sundararaju, P.; Koshy, P.K.
    Extensive surveys of arecanut growing areas of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu were conducted during 1976 to 1980. A total of 822 each of soil and root samples were collected from healthy and Yellow Leaf Disease affected arecanut gardens. Twenty eight genera of plant parasitic nematodes were isolated from the root zone of arecanut. The burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis was obtained from maximum number of root samples. Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hemicriconemoides mangiferae, Caloosia longicaudata and Hoplolaimus seinhorsti were the most widely distributed ectoparasitic forms in the soil samples of arecanut growing areas in South India.
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    Effect of different nematicides and neem oil cake in the control of radopholus similis in yellow leaf disease affected arecanut palms
    (2007-02-08) Sundararaju, P.; Koshy, P.K.
    Investigations were carried out to study the effect of three nematicides viz., fensulfothion @ 50 g ai/palm, aldicarb @ 10 g a.i./palm, DBCP @ 10 ml a.i./palm andneemoil cake @ 1.5 kg/palm for the control of Radopholus similis in yellow leaf disease affected arecanut palms. All chemicals were effective in reducing the population of R. similis significantly compared to the control plants. Fensulfothion yielded maximum number of nuts (347.9) and total nut weight (7958 g) per palm, closely followed by aldicarb against untreated plants which yielded maximum number of 36.5 nuts with a total nut weight of 1066 g per palm.
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    Effect of intercrops on occurrence of Radopholus similis in arecanut palms
    (2007-02-08) Sundararaju, P.; Koshy, P.K.
    Survey conducted in the major arecanut growing tracts of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu revealed the widespread occurrence of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis in South India. Maximum percentage occurrence of R. similis was recorded from arecanut palms (55.1 %) intercropped with banana, followed by 45.2,43.9, 29.8 and 11.1 per cent when inter/mixed cropped with black pepper, cardamom, coconut and cacao, respectively, whereas in pure areca plantations, the percentage occurrence was only 25.4. Maximum percentage occurrence of R. similis was also noticed in banana (64.5%) compared to black pepper (26.0%), cardamom (19.5%), coconut (16.6%) and cacao (Nil). Banana as an intercrop was found to favour multiplication of R. similis in arecanut gardens, whereas when cacao was used as mixed crop nematode population was lowest and cacao was found to be free of infestation.
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    Effect of neem oil cake and nematicide for the control of burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis in the arecanut based on cropping system
    (2007-02-08) Sudha, S.; Sundararaju, P.
    Three field experiments were carried our in arecanut monocrop, arecanut + banana and arecanut + banana + pepper to evaluate the efficacy of neem oil cake @ 1 kg and phorate @ 30g singly and in combination for control of burrowing nematode Radopholus similis population in arecanut, banana and pepper in the cropping system. Event hough, all the treatments were significantly superior over the untreated control, the best treatment in these experiments was 15 g of phorate in combination with 1 kg neem oil cake which controlled the R. similis population in arecanut and subsidiary crops very well.
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    Efficacy of certain systemic nematicides against Meloidogyne incognita in a cardamom nursery
    (2007-02-08) Koshy, P.K.; Sundararaju, P.; Wilson, K.J.
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    Efficacy of four systemic nematicides against Radopholus similis in coconut nursery
    (2007-02-08) Koshy, P.K.; Sundararaju, P.; Sosamma, V.K.; Ravikumar, K.
    Four systemic nematicides, aldicarb, carbofuran, phorate and phenami-phos at 10, 15 and 25 kg a.i./ha, applied three times at the same rate for a period of one year against the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis in coconut nursery, were evaluated. In general, all the treated plants recorded significantincrease in plant growth but this increase was not consistent with increase in dosage of chemicals. Carbofuran @ 15 kg a.i./ha recorded maximum plant growth compared to 10 or 25 kg a.i./ha. Except 10 kg a.i./ha of aldicarb and 10 and 25 kg a.i./ha of carbofu-ran all the other dosages and chemicals reduced nematode population significantly. At all dosages, aldicarb treated plants recorded maximum plant growth compared to respective doses of the other three chemicals. Phorate and phenamiphos, at all three levels, were found to decrease the nematode population significantly but plants treated with phenamiphos always recorded better plant growth than phorate. There was no significant difference between three dosages of phorate and phenamiphos in the control of nematodes as well as their effect on plant growth. Complete control of R. similis was obtained with phenamiphos and phorate @ 25 kg a.i./ha. Thus application of phenami-phos or phorate @ 25 kg a.i./ha is recommended for release of nematode free seedlings from infested coconut nurseries.
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    Efficacy of four systemic nematicides against radopholus similis in coconut nursery
    (1985) Koshy, P.K.; Sundararaju, P.; Sosamma, V.K.; Ravikumar, K.
    Four systemic nematicides, aldicarb, carbofuran, phorate and phenami-phos at 10,15 and 25 kg a.i./ha, applied three times at the same rate for a period of one year against the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis in coconut nursery, were evaluated. In general, all the treated plants recorded significantincrease in plant growth but this increase was not consistent with increase in dosage of chemicals. Carbofuran @ 15 kg a.i./ha recorded maximum plant growth compared to 10 or 25 kg a.i./ha. Except 10 kg a.i./ha of aldicarb and 10 and 25 kg a.i./ha of carbofuran all the other dosages and chemicals reduced nematode population significantly. At all dosages, aldicarb treated plants recorded maximum plant growth compared to respective doses of the other three chemicals. Phorate and phenamiphos, at all three levels, were found to decrease the nematode population significantly but plants treated with phenamiphos always recorded better plant growth than phorate. There was no significant difference between three dosages of phorate and phenamiphos in the control of nematodes as well as their effect on plant growth. Complete control of R. similis was obtained with phenamiphos and phorate @ 25 kg a.i./ha. Thus application of phenamiphos or phorate @ 25 kg a.i./ha is recommended for release of nematode free seedlings from infested coconut nurseries.
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    Histopathology of arecanut roots infected with Radopholus similis
    (2007-02) Sundararaju, P.; Koshy, P.K.
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    Histopathology of arecanut roots infected with Radopholus similis
    (2007) Sundararaju, P.; Koshy, P.K.
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    Individual and interactive effects of VA mycorrhizal fungi and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on cardamom
    (1989-01) George V. Thomas; Sundararaju, P.; Ali, S.S.; Ghai, S.K.
    The effect of inoculation with six species of vcsicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi individually and in different combinations with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, simultaneously and sequentially, on cardamom was studied at 6 and 12 months after inoculation. Compared with the control, the growth of cardamom plants was significantly improved by inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi, whereas nematode inoculation reduced it. The growth response induced by VA mycorrhizal fungi was similar when inoculation was made simultaneously and after nematode inoculation. VA mycorrhizal fungi significantly reduced the nematode population in roots. Colonization of roots by VA mycorrhizal fungi was also obtained when nematodes were inoculated simultaneously and prior to inoculation by VA mycorrhizal fungi. Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall and Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe were the most effective VA mycorrhizal fungi, able to promote maximum growth response in the absence as well as in presence of root-knot nematodes.
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    Interaction of Va-Mycorrhiza with Meloidogyne Incognita and Pythium Aphanidermatum Affecting Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.)
    (2007-02) Rohini Iyer; Sundararaju, P.
    The growth of ginger plants was significant when inoculated with VA mycorrhizal fungi whereas M. incognita and P. aphanidermatum inoculations suppressed the plant growth. VA mycorrhizal fungi effectively reduced the nematode-population in roots. Plants that received the inoculum of P. aphanidermatum were fully diseased within 15 days of the inoculation, whereas those inoculated with nematodes did not die quickly, even though there was general reduction in plant growth and rhizome weight. The inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi was found to be the most favourable treatment in relation to plant growth, rhizome yield of ginger as also in suppressing the nematode population.