Browsing by Author "Vijayakumar, K."
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Item Correlation studies in arecanut (Areca catechu L.)(2007-02-08) Yadava, R.B.R.; Vijayakumar, K.; Murthy, K.N.The association existing between yield and its different attributes In a Vittal local variety of arecanut palm has been studied. The remit* indicate that yield par palm Is positively associated with the number of nut sand negatively with height of the palm, Thus, the number «£snt» per pahs lias Important character for the success of selection.Item Crop year versus calendar year as basis for compiling annual yield in coconut(2007-02-08) Jacob Mathew; Gopalasundaram, P.; George, M.V.; Vijayakumar, K.; Jose, C.T.Coconuts are harvested throughout the year at an interval of about 30-60 days and the annual yield is the number of nuts obtained in a 12 month period. Two different methods of compilation of annual yield data showed that the year to year variation is more pronounced in the case of calendar year tabulation, as compared to agricultural years. When two year averages were taken, these differences were found to come down. With the help of experimental data, it has been shown that conclusions drawn can be different depending on the method of compilation of annual yield data. Analysis of mean yield for two consecutive years is suggested to overcame this problem.Item Design of experiments(2007-02-08) Vijayakumar, K.Item Discriminant function analysis in coconut seedlings(2007-02-08) Vijayakumar, K.; Jacob Mathew; Sukumaran, C.K.Data on 192 seedlings from 16 families of West Coast Tall variety was utilised for constructing a discriminant function for classifying seedlings into high/low yielders at the nursery stage using 11 seedling characters. Time taken for flowering was adopted to judge a palm as high/low yielding. The function based on this criterion was significant. Girth, number of leaves, weight of the seedling and number of thick roots were found to contribute maximum in discriminating between potentially high/low yielders.Item Economic prospects of coconut sector in India(2007-02-08) Prafulla K. Das; Vijayakumar, K.This paper covers three major aspects to trace the economic prospects of coconut sector in India. First aspect measures the growth in area, production and productivity in terms of compound growth rates. The relative contribution of area expansion and yield improvement to output growth is studied with the help of the Minnas-Vaidyanathan decomposition technique. In the second aspect, the nature and extent of price instabilities have been observed. Besides this, the seasonal influence on prices has been worked out by eliminating the trends and cyclic components. The third aspect relates to the yield expectations under different management levels and consequent economic returns.Item Effect of weather parameters on arecanut (Areca catechu L.) yield in West Bengal(2007-02-08) Reddy, V.M.; Vijayakumar, K.The effect of weather parameters oh arecanut yield was studied using correlation analysis. The highly correlated weather parameters werse used in regression analysis to predict arecanut yield. The analysis revealed that 97 percent of yield variation could be explained by minimum temperatures of April, two years earlier, and relative humidity of November and minimum temperatures of December of previous year.Item Estimation of leaf area in one-year-old cardamom plants(2007-02) George, M.V.; Korikanthimath, V.S.; Vijayakumar, K.; Bhagavan, S.The area (P) of any individual leaf of a one-year-old cardamom seedling can be estimated by a linear function P = 0.813B + 0.657 L.B. (R8 = 0.984) where L and B are the length and breadth of the leaf. The total functioning leaf area (Y) of a tiller with n* leaves can be estimated by a linear function Y = -3.168 L + 33.464 n b (R* = 0.976) where n is the total number of functioning leaves in the tiller and L and B are the linear measurements of median leaf. Further, the total functioning leaf area (A) of a whole clump consisting of several tillers can be estimated by a linear function. A = 11.935 L + 22.3 N.B (R8 = 0.979) where N is the total number of leaves in the clump and L and B are the linear measurements of the median leaf of tiller having the maximum number of leaves.Item Estimation of leaf area in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under two agroecological conditions(2007-02) Satheesan, K.V.; George, M.V.; Vijayakumar, K.; Ramadasan, A.The total leaf area (TLA) at different stages of growth of tillers or clumps of turmeric (Curcuma longa) varieties raised under two agroecological conditions viz., in the open as a pure crop and in association with coconut, can be estimated using the regression equation TLA = b1 nB + b2 L. The total leaf area of the tiller or clump can be computed by taking the linear measurements CL and B) of only one leaf i.e., median leaf of the tiller or those of the median leaf of the tiller having maximum number of leaves, respectively, and counting the total number of leaves (n) in the respective tiller or clump. Under both the ecological conditions studied and between the same, the regression coefficients were not homogenous over various stages of growth and for different varieties. Hence common mathematical formulae were not attempted to, with regard to varieties, age of the plant or ecological conditions.Item Evaluation of LER and advantages in coconut/arecanut based systems(2007-02) Prafulla K. Das; Vijayakumar, K.Advantages in coconut and arecanut based mixed cropping systems are studied using Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Monetary Advantage (MA), Aggressivity Index (A) and Competition Ratio (CR). Under the irrigated system, arecanut and cacao combination gave a monetary advantage of Rs. 19,193 per ha per year with an LER of 2.18. Arecanut and pepper combination gave a monetary advantage of Rs. 18,402 per ha per year with an LER of 1.50. Coconut and cacao combination recorded a monetary advantage of Rs. 14,920 per ha per year with an LER of 1.46. Under rainfed system, coconut and ginger gave a monetary advantage of Rs. 29,683 per ha per year with a corresponding LER of 1.56. Coconut and turmeric recorded a monetary advantage of Rs. 16,483 per ha per year with an LER of 1.41.Item Field evaluation of forecasting model for cashew yield in large plantations(2007-02) George, M.V.; Amarnath, C.H.; Bhagavan, S.; Vijayakumar, K.A method to forecast the cashew yield from large plantations based on biometrical characters and yield attributes was developed and field tested in the four cashew estates at Muliyar, Periya, Adhur and Perla in Northern Kerala covering an area of about 2100 ha belonging to the Plantation Corporation of Kerala in Kasaragod district and at National Research Centre for Cashew (Experimental Station), Shanthigodu, D. K., Karnataka covering an area of about 40 ha. Tne yield estimates arrived at were found to be reasonably precise with an average deviation of 6.7% ai Kasaragod and 17.9% at Shanthigodu with the actual yield.Item Field evaluation of forecasting model for cashew yield in large plantations(1989-03) George, M.V.; Amarnath, C.H.; Bhagavan, S.; Vijayakumar, K.A method to forecast the cashew yield from large plantations based on biometrical characters and yield attributes was developed and field tested in the four cashew estates at Muliyar, Periya, Adhur and Per la in Northern Kerala covering an area of about 2100 lia belonging to the Plantation Corporation of Kerala in Kasaragod district and at National Research Centre for Cashew (Experimental Station), Shanthigodu, D. K., Karnataka covering an area of about 40 ha. Tne yield estimates arrived at were found to be reasonably precise with an average deviation of 6.7% ai Kasaragod and 17.9% at Shanthigodu with the actual yield.Item Flowering behaviour and correlation studies in cashew(2007-02-08) Murthy, K.N.; Vijayakumar, K.; Pillai, R.S.N.; Kumaran, P.M.Item Forecast of annual yield of coconuts, based on biometrical characters(1991-01) Jacob Mathew; Vijayakumar, K.; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Amarnath, C.H.Item Forecasting of cashew yield from plantations(2007-02) George, M.V.; Vijayakumar, K.; Amarnath, C.H.A method to forecast the cashew yield from targe plantations based on biometrical characters/yield attributes from small sample of trees was attempted. For this purpose, data collected during 1982 and 1983 from Cashew Plantations at Muliyar and Perla and during 1982, 1983 and 1984 from Periya belonging to the Plantation Corporation of Kerala were made use of. A double sampling procedure was used to get a ratio estimate by which a small sample (n) is used for detailed observations and a large sample (n)is used for recording an easily observable character. In gardens ranging between 100 to 300 cashew trees a maximum of 200 trees for recording the character condition of flowering graded 0 to 5 and a sub sample of 20 trees for recording the canopy area and estimated number of nuts at all stages of maturity are sufficient to give an yield estimate of the garden with 20 per cent deviation at 5% level of significance. Double sampling was relatively two to three times efficient than simple random sampling. This methodology can be safely adopted to forecast the total yield from large plantations by subdividing the area into blocks of 150 to 300 trees considering the natural boundaries and selecting a small sample of such blocks, according to any suitable sampling design.Item Forecasting of yield in coconut by using weather variables(2007-02) Vijayakumar, K.; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Jacob Mathew; Amarnath, C.H.; Balakrishnan, T.K.Influence of monthly averages of 11 weather variables viz. max. and min. temperature, vapour pressue (PN & AN) rel. humidity (FN & AN), wind velocity, hours of sunshine, rainfall, evaporation and number of rainy days up to 36 months prior to harvest of nuts was studied for two sets of data at Kasaragod. Based on regression analysis re), humidity (FN), hrs. of sunshine and vapour pressure (FN) of 17-20 meteorological weeks of the previous year, temperature (Min) of 21-24 weeks, humidity (FN) of 25-28 weeks two years previous and temperature (Min.) of 29-32 weeks three years previous were identified as important for prediction of coconut yield. The prediction model using these variables could explain 91% of the variation in yield.Item Heritability of seedling vigour in coconut palm(2007-02) Ramadasan, A.; Kasturi Bai, K.V.; Shivashankar, S.; Vijayakumar, K.Item Influence of weather on coconut yield(2007-02) Vijayakumar, K.; Jacob Mathew; Amarnath, C.H.; Nambiar, P.T.N.; Jose, C.T.; Balakrishnan, T.K.Studies were conducted on the relationship between four weekly averages of 11 weather variables viz., temperature (maximum and minimum), vapour pressure —VP (forenoon and afternoon), relative humidity—RH (FN and AN), wind velocity, hours of sunshine—HRS, rainfall, evaporation and rainy days and quarterly yield of coconut. Theseven lag periods viz., 6-8, 10-12, 17-18, 22-23. 30-31, 35-36 and 44-46 months prior to the harvest of nuts were identified as important. Of these, the last five periods correspond to some of the important developmental phases of the inflorescence like differentiation of ovary and development of stamens, growth of branches of inflorescence and formation of primordia of male flower, process of beginning of the primary bract of the inflorescence, differentiation of the outer or second bract and initiation of primordium of inflorescence.Item Mass Pedigree Selection in Arecanut (Arecacatechu L). A Case History on the Application of the Method in a Perennial Tree Crop(2007-02) Ravindran, P.N.; Bavappa, K.V.A.; Pillai, R.S.N.; Ramachander, P.R.; Nair, M.K.; Nair, B.P.; Vijayakumar, K.This paper deals with the results of a mass pedigree selection experiment carried out in the South Kanara cultivar of arecanut. The data collected from the experiment has been utilised for various genetical studies, such as correlated responses, genotypic and phenotypic correlations, path coefficient analysis, heritability, and genetic gain achieved through selection. The results of these analysis are presented and discussed.Item A Non-Destructive Method of Estimating Leaf Area and Shoot Dry Mass in Seedlings of Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Hybrids(2007-02) Shivashankar, S.; Vijayakumar, K.; Kasturi Bai, K.V.Item Optimum Plot Size for Field Trials on Oil Palm(2007-02) Nambiar, P.T.N.; Vijayakumar, K.; Nampoothiri, K.U.K.The palm-wise yield data of NPK fertilizer experiment, conducted at Oil palm Estate, Bharatipuram, Kerala were made use of for this study. The treatment effects were eliminated from the yields of individual palms and coefficients of variation were worked out by forming plots of different sizes and shapes. Fairfield Smith s equation (1938) y=ax- gave a good fit to the data. The values of r2 ranged from 0.98 to 0.99. Using the maximum curvature method, the optimum plot size was found to be around 8 palms/plot. The coefficient of variation was less for plots of shape 4 rows X 2 columns, the rows being across the slope. Smaller blocks were found to be more efficient.