Browsing by Author "Wahid, P.A."
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Item Available micronutrient status of major soil types under coconut in healthy and root (wilt) affected tracts of Kerala, India(2007-02-08) Pillai, N.G.; Kamala Devi, C.B.; Wahid, P.A.; Nambiar, C.K.B.A survey of coconut plantation in Kerala State was carried out. In this, 733 surface soil samples were collected at about 6.5 km intervals and analyzed for available micro nutrients in five major soil types. Because of the low values encountered in a majority of cases, the following soil types are more likely to be deficient of certain elements : coastal sandy and reclaimed marshy soils for Mn, sandy loam soils for Zn, sandy loam and coastal sandy soils for Mo, and coastal sandy soils for B. The distribution of available Cu was uniform in the different soil types excepting coastal sandy soils. The root (wilt) disease affected tracts showed a significant reduction: in the levels of the following micronutrients as compared to healthy tract : Fe, Mn, and Zn in laterite, reclaimed marshy; and coastal sandy soils ; Zn in alluvial soils ; and Mn and Zn in sandy loam soils. The variation in Cu, B, and Mo content in the different soil types between healthy and disease affected tract was negligible. The intensity of deficiency of Mo, Zn, and Mn was 83, 48, and 48 per cent, respectively. The intensity of deficiency of Zn was above 47 per cent in all soil types in only the disease affected tract and that of Mo above 60 per cent in both healthy and disease affected tracts.Item CEC of coconut pollen grains(1977) Wahid, P.A.; Mohammed Sayed, A.A.; Kamala Devi, C.B.Item Discriminant classification of Kerala soils in relation to incidence of coconut root - (wilt) disease: 1. Soil micronutrient aspects(2007-02-08) Kamala Devi, C.B.; Narasimhayya, G.; Wahid, P.A.; Nambiar, C.K.B.; Pillai, N.G.; Sharma, S.P.; Velayutham, M.The analysis of the nutrient data on the soil samples in Kerala collected from the different root (wilt) disease categories depending on the condition of the palm and the area sampled suggested the list of essential nutrients for the discrimination of the soils associated with the categories in different soil types as: 1. Latcritc — Fe, B, Mn, 1 Mo, Cu, S and Zn 2. Alluvial Fe, Mo and Zn 3. Reclaimed marshy — Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo , Mn and B 4. Coastal Sand - Fe, Zn, Cu and Mo 5. Sandy loam - Mn, Cu and Zn The classificatory analysis of the above data on the essential nutrients showed that soils of the above categories can be grouped into three clusters namely Healthy, leading to sick and sick in case of laterite, reclaimed marshy, sandy loam and two clusters as follows: healthy and sick in case of alluvial and coastal sandy soils.Item Distribution of nutrients in three varieties of cardamom(1981) Abdul Khader, K.B.; Wahid, P.A.; Kasturi Bai, K.V.; Mohammed Syed, A.A.The uptake and concentration of nutrients in different parts of cardamom plants were studied in three important cultivars. Differences were observed in nutrient distribution pattern. In general, cardamom plants were found to accumulate major and secondary nutrients in the order of K> N ·Ca> Mg> P > Na and micronutrients in the order of Mn > Fe >Zn > Cu.Item Effect of different organic sources on the performance of coconut seedlings in coastal sand(2007-02-08) Nambiar, C.K.B.; Wahid, P.A.; Pillai, N.G.Response of coconut seedlings during the prebearing stage (5 years) to inorganic fertilisers and addition of organic matter in coastal sand was investigated at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod. Addition of organic matter, especially farmyard manure or green leaves in combination with inorganic fertilisers resulted in spectacular improvement of the vigour of the seedlings and enhanced their early establishment in the sand. Despite the porous nature of sand, fertiliser application helped to retain P and K. Organic matter content of sand was increased following continuous annual applications of organic manures for five years.Item Effect of NPK fertilisers on trace element nutrition of three coconut genotypes(1975) Kamala Devi, C.B.; Wahid, P.A.; Pillai, N.G.; Sankaranarayanan, M.P.The micronutrient status of soil and leaf was studied in three coconut genotypes, West Coast Tall, Tall x Dwarf, and Dwarf x Tall, receiving three levels of NPK fertiliser combinations. The lowering of pH by NPK treatments enhanced the availability of Mn, Fe, and Al in soil. However, only Mn was taken up by the palm in larger amounts. Water soluble Mn in soil was highly correlated with plant uptake. The micronutrient requirements of the three genotypes were similar. Zn and Cu requirements of the palm were increased by increased NPK application. The implication of enhanced micronutrient availability in soil following NPK fertilization is discussed.Item Effect of NPK fertilisers on trace element nutrition of three coconut genotypes(2007-02-08) Kamala Devi, C.B.; Wahid, P.A.; Pillai, N.G.; Sankaranarayanan, M.P.The micronutrient status of soil and leaf was studied in three coconut genotypes, West Coast Tall, Tall x Dwarf, and Dwarf x Tall, receiving three levels of NPK fertiliser combinations. The lowering of pH by NPK treatments enhanced the availability of Mn, Fe, and Al in soil. However, only Mn was taken up by the palm in larger amounts. Water soluble Mn in soil was highly correlated with plant uptake. The micronutrient requirements of the three genotypes were similar. Zn and Cu requirements of the palm were increased by increased NPK application. The implication of enhanced micronutrient availability in soil following NPK fertilization is discussed.Item Effects of discontinuation of fertiliser application on the NPK nutrition of coconut palm(1975) Wahid, P.A.; Kamala Devi, C.B.; George Philip; Pillai, N.G.The effect of discontinuing fertiliser application for one year on the NPK nutrition of coconut palms which have been receiving the annual recommended fertiliser dose fcr the last 15 years was studied. High residual accumulation of soil nutrients, especially P and K, was noticed in soil basins consequent 01 the long continued fertiliser application. Discontinuation of fertilisation brought down the levels of N and Kin leaf and exchangeable K ii soil, while soil and leaf P levels remained unaffected. It is suggested that once a good soil build up of P has been attained following annual . . P-application it might be possible to discontinue P-application for certain number of years or readjust the recommended dose by decreasing the quantity of added P without affecting P nutrition of the palmItem Effects of discontinuation of fertiliser application on the NPK nutrition of coconut palm(2007-02-08) Wahid, P.A.; Kamala Devi, C.B.; George Philip; Pillai, N.G.The effect of discontinuing fertiliser application for one year on the NPK nutrition of coconut palms which have been receiving the annual recommended fertiliser dose fcr the last 15 years was studied. High residual accumulation of soil nutrients, especially P and K, was noticed in soil basins consequent on the long continued fertiliser application. Discontinuation of fertilisation brought down the levels of N and Kin leaf and exchangeable K in soil, while soil and leaf P levels remained unaffected. It is suggested that once a good soil build up of P has been attained following annual . P-application it might be possible to discontinue P-application for certain number of years or readjust the recommended dose by decreasing the quantity of added P without affecting P nutrition of the palmItem Elimination of acid drift during potentiometric measurement of root-CEC(1973-06) Wahid, P.A.; Pillai, N.G.; Kamala Devi, C.B.Item Evaluation of sea weeds as manure to coconut(1975) Nambiar, C.K.B.; Wahid, P.A.; Markose, V.T.A field trial with sea weed mixture (containing 90% of Cymodocea serrulata as a manure to coconut with and without NPK fertilisers was conducted on an acidic red sandy loam soil for five years. The application of sea weed alone did not increase the nut yield over control while NPK fertilisers increased it. The sea weed material enriched soil exchangeable Na, Ca, and Mg, increased pH, and considerably reduced P in soil. Considering the interaction between soil K and Na, Ca, and Mg and its possible effect on reduced availability of K, it is inferred that the material is not very promising as manure to coconut.Item Evaluation of sea weeds as manure to coconut(2007-02) Nambiar, C.K.B.; Wahid, P.A.; Markose, V.T.A field trial with sea weed mixture (containing 90% of Cymodocea serrulata as a manure to coconut with and without NPK fertilisers was conducted on an acidic red sandy loam soil for five years. The application of sea weed alone did not increase the nut yield over control while NPK fertilisers increased it. The sea weed material enriched soil exchangeable Na, Ca, and Mg, increased pH, and considerably reduced P in soil. Considering the interaction between soil K and Na, Ca, and Mg and its possible effect on reduced availability of K, it is inferred that the material is not very promising as manure to coconut.Item Foliar levels of rare earth elements and thorium in coconut palm in relation to root (wilt)-disease(2007-02) Wahid, P.A.; Kamalam, N.V.; Vijayalakshmi, S.; Krishna Prabhu, R.; Mahalingam, T.R.; John T. Eapen; Dang, H.S.; Jaiswal, D.D.; Balachandran, P.V.; Venugopal, V.K.; Suresh, P.R.; Unnithan, V.K.G.; Jacob ThomasItem Implications of Changes in Soil Ph on the Al, Fe and Mn Status of the Major Coconut Growing Soils of Kerala(2007-02) Kamala Devi, C.B.; Pillai, N.G.; Wahid, P.A.Item Inter-Relationships among Root Cec, Yield and Mono- and Divalent Cations(2007-02) Wahid, P.A.; Pillai, N.G.; Kamala Devi, C.B.A study was conducted on different yield groups of coconut palm (West Coast Tall) to investigate the relationships among root CEC, yield and mono-and divalent cations. The results showed that correlation between root CEC and yield was negative but not significant. The foliar content of (K + Na) decreased with increase in root CEC while (Ca + Mg) increased with increase in root CEC. The uptake of cations by the palm was found to be governed by their ratios in soil. Highly significant correlations were obtained between K/Na, K/(Ca + Mg) and K/Mg in soil and their corresponding ratios in the leaf. Among the nutrients studied, potassium content of soil as well as that of leaf correlated positively with yield. The critical level of K, 0.8 to 1.0 per cent, was found to hold good in coconut. The interaction between leaf nutrients showed that the leaf potassium level was affected by the combined level of (Na + Ca + Mg). The impact of this interaction on critical levels of Na, Ca and Mg is discussed. Based on this, a level of 43.8 to 47.3 me per 100 g (or 0.75 to 0.82 per cent) was suggested as satisfactory level for (Na -f- Ca -f- Mg) together. The negative correlation of root CEC and positive correlation of both soil and leaf potassium with yield, indicate the role of potassium in increasing the yield of coconut.Item Inter-relationships among root CEC, yield and mono- and divalent cations in coconut (cocos nucifera L.)(2007) Wahid, P.A.; Kamala Devi, C.B.; Pillai, N.G.Item Mineral Nutrition of Root (Wilt) Affected Coconut Palm(2007-02) Pillai, N.G.; Balakrishnan Nambiar, C.K.; Mathew, A.S.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Robert Cecil; Ramanandan, P.L.; Kamala Devi, C.B.; Wahid, P.A.The mineral nutrition of root (wilt) affected coconut palm was thoroughly investigated by carrying out a nutritional survey, collecting soil and leaf samples of perfeotly healthy and diseased palms covering all the major coconut growing soil groups of Kerala State. The chemical analyses of these samples for both macro and micronutrients confirmed the accumulation of NPK in diseased palms. Nitrogen status of soils of disease affected tracts is higher -than that of Healthy soils. Among the secondary nutrients, deficiency of S is. evident. Imbalances in cationio ratios viz. K/Na, K/Mg, K/(Ca+Mg) and K/(Na+Ca+Mg): and anionio ratios via. P/S and N/S are quite apparent. Similarly, the defioienoies of Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn in particular in diseased palms are the other findings of great importance.Item Mineral Nutrition of Root (Wilt) Affected Coconut Palm(1975-09) Pillai, N.G.; Balakrishnan Nambiar, C.K.; Mathew, A.S.; Kamalakshi Amma, P.G.; Robert Cecil, S.; Ramanandan, P.L.; Kamala Devi, C.B.; Wahid, P.A.The mineral nutrition of root (wilt) affected coconut palm was thoroughly investigated by carrying out a nutritional survey, collecting soil and leaf samples of perfeotly healthy and diseased palms covering all the major coconut growing soil groups of Kerala State. The chemical analyses of these samples for both macro and micronutrients confirmed the accumulation of NPK in diseased palms. Nitrogen status of soils of disease affected tracts is higher -than that of Healthy soils. Among the secondary nutrients, deficiency of S is. evident. Imbalances in cationio ratios viz. K/Na, K/Mg, K/(Ca+Mg) and K/(Na+Ca+Mg): and anionio ratios via. P/S and N/S are quite apparent. Similarly, the defioienoies of Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn in particular in diseased palms are the other findings of great importance.Item Nutrient Distribution in the Crown of Healthy and Root (Wilt) Affected Coconut Palms(2007-02) Wahid, P.A.; Kamalam, N.V.The pattern of distribution of nutrients in the crown of coconut palm as influenced by root (wilt) disease was studied to examine whether 14th leaf is suitable for comparison of nutrient status between healthy and diseased palms. The results indicated that the nutrient levels in the leaves of diseased palms are generally higher than in healthy ones. The differences in foliar levels of nutrients are more conspicuous for leaf ranks 4 and 6 than when the nutrient levels of 14th leaf were compared. It is concluded that 14th leaf which is generally considered as the index leaf for nutrient deficiency diagnosis in coconut is not suitable for comparison of the nutritional status of healthy and root (wilt) affected palms.Item Nutrient Distribution in the Crown of Healthy and Root (Wilt) Affected Coconut Palms(1988-03) Wahid, P.A.; Kamalam, N.V.The pattern of distribution of nutrients in the crown of coconut palm as influenced by root (wilt) disease was studied to examine whether 14th leaf is suitable for comparison of nutrient status between healthy and diseased palms. The results indicated that the nutrient levels in the leaves of diseased palms are generally higher than in healthy ones. The differences in foliar levels of nutrients are more conspicuous for leaf ranks 4 and 6 than when the nutrient levels of 14th leaf were compared. It is concluded that 14th leaf which is generally considered as the index leaf for nutrient deficiency diagnosis in coconut is not suitable for comparison of the nutritional status of healthy and root (wilt) affected palms.