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Item Influence of crop mixing of hybrid napier on the root zone microflora of the coconut palm(1) Potty, V.P.; Jayasankar, N.P.Item Coconut sector in Kerala economy - role, peformance & contribution(1) George V. Thomas; Nair, C.P.R.; Krishnakumar, V.Item The Wilt (Root Disease) Disease of Coconuts in Travancore and Cochin(1949) Menon, K.P.V.; Nair, U.K.Item Sap Transfusion, A New Devise For Virus Transmission Trials In Palms(1954) Nagaraj, A.N.; Menon, K.P.V.; Davis, T.A.The symptomatology of the Wilt disease of coconuts in India has been briefly discussed, a study of which points to the possibility of this being a virus disease. Preliminary attempts at grafting in coconut failed. As a substitute to grafting a new technique, i.e., sap transfusion has been adopted for virus transmission trials and the method has been described in detail. This method in effect simulates an organic union between a diseased root scion and a healthy root stock. Of the two possible ways of effecting transfusion or sap from a diseased to a healthy tree, the one wherein the sap pumped up by a severed diseased root is transfused into the system of a healthy tree is more practicable. However, this method is not utilisable for feeding infective extracts of aerial parts of infected coconut palms or other hosts. Therefore, feeding extracts through tips of roots induced in boxes for the sake of convenience was attempted. The absorption of extracts through uncut roots being slow and selective, these were fed through cut ends of mature roots of healthy palms.Item A Note on the Floral Biology of Palmyra Palm -(Borassus Flabellifer)(1954) Chathukutty Nambiar, M.Item Quantity and Quality of Ball Copra in Relation to the Age, Size and Shape of Nuts(1955) Verghese, E.J.; Thomas, P.K.; Ramanandan, P.L.Item Studies On Soil Conditions In Relation To The Root And Leaf Diseases Of The Coconut Palm In Travancore-Cochin : Part II. Total Phosphoric Acid, Available Phosphoric Acid And Iron Content Of Coconut Soils(1955) Sankarasubramoney, H.; Menon, K.P.V.; Pandalai, K.M.Soils from diseased and healthy areas have been examined for both total and available phosphorus and total iron. The conclusions arrived at are:— (1) There is no significant difference between healthy and diseased areas, in the phosphoric acid status of the soil (total and available). (2) Although soils from healthy areas have a higher content of total iron, as compared to soils of diseased areas, it cannot be concluded that there is an iron deficiency condition in diseased areas, since the quantity of available iron could not be determined. Whether such a deficiency actually exists, has to be found out by other means. (3) Fixation of phosphorus by iron, and consequent non-availability of phosphorus, does not appear to be a factor correlated with disease incidence, since it is obvious that a greater quantity of phosphorus would be rendered unavailable in healthy soils, due to their higher content of iron.Item Studies on Soil Conditions in Relation to the Root and Leaf Diseases of the Coconut Palm in Travancore - Cochin. Part III. Total available and exchangeable potassium contents of coconut soils(1955) Sankarasubramoney, H.; Menon, K.P.V.; Pandalai, K.M.Careful analysis of soil samples has shown that there is a significant difference between healthy and diseased areas in their status of available and exchangeable potassium There is a higher concentration of these factors in the samples from healthy areas, as compared to samples from diseased areas, although the difference is not so marked in the case of exchangeable potassium. (2) The symptoms exhibited by palms affected by root disease appear to have resemblance to those generally attributed to a deficiency of potassium. (3) Lack of accumulation of potassium in the leaf tissues of diseased palms as evidenced by leaf analysis, tends to give support to the conclusions mentioned earlier. (4) Pot culture and field trials are considered necessary before these conclusions can be considered as final- These trials are in progress.Item Home of the Coconut(1956) Gangolly, S.R.; Nambiar, M.C.; Pandalai, K.M.Item Problem of seasonal foliar yellowing in the coconut palm(1957) Pandalai, K.M.; Sankarasubromoney, H.; Menon, K.P.V.Item The Genus Rhizoctonia in Relation to Soil Moisture - Studies on Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia bataticola(1957) Menon, K.P.V.; Radha, K.The saprophytic activity of R. solani and R. bataticola, the organisms associated with the Coconut Root (wilt) disease was investigated in relation to soil moisture. Both the organisms made nur mycelial spread in natural soil. In autoclaved soil the test fungi grew well under a wide range, of soil moisture. Evaluation of the soil microflora and the microbiologica activity in the soil under different moisture conditions revealed that the activity of the test fungi is correlated with the microbial status of the soil which is directly influenced by the moisture content of the soil.Item Studies on soil conditions in relation to the "Root" and "Leaf" diseases of the coconut palm in Travancore - Cochin. Part V. Exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity and pH of coconut soils(1958) Sankarasubramoney, H.; Pandalai, K.M.; Menon, K.P.V.(i) The results of studies on the exchangeable cations, exchangeable hydrogen, percentage base saturation and the pH of coconut soils from healthy as well as root and leaf infected areas have been presented and discussed. (ii) Soils belonging to the sandy, alluvial loam and red loam from healthy localities exhibit comparatively higher values for exchangeable cations and percentage base saturation and, consequently, low values for exchangeable hydrogen than from the diseased areas. The difference between the healthy and diseased areas in the three types of soils is significant enough leading to the conclusion that these factors may be positively correlated with disease incidence. The case of laterite soils appears to be slightly different. (iii) Soils of the diseased areas have definitely lower hydrogen ion concentrations than the corresponding soils of the healthy areas. (iv) The various effects of low pH values of soil which might directly and indirectly orientate healthy conditions in the palms have been briefly discussed. (v) The possible adverse influences which water logging of the soil may bring about, particularly the formation of increased total acidity have been pointed out. (vi) The conclusion appears to be justified that there is urgent need for regulated liming of coconut soils, especially in the root and leaf infected areas of Travancore-CochinItem Studies on soil conditions in relation to the "Root" and "Leaf" diseases of the coconut palm in Travancore-Cochin. Part IV. Total and exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents of coconut soils(1958) Pandalai, K.M.; Menon, K.P.V.; Sankarasubramoney, H.(1) The results of studies on the total and exchangeable calcium as well as the total and exchangeable magnesium contents of healthy and diseased coconut soils have been presented and discussed. (2) Total calcium content is, in general, lower in the diseased areas as compared to healthy areas. (3) Values for total exchangeable bases are lower in the diseased areas than the healthy areas. (4) No definite conclusion regarding the role of magnesium in relation to the disease condition of the trees could be drawn, although it is clear that either lack of or non-availability of the nutrients in the soil is tied up with it. (5) The need for a systematic observational trial involving potassium, calcium and magnesium manuring of the attacked palms for assessing the interrelationships of these cations in the soil and the palm tissue in relation to the disease conditions has been emphasised.Item Comparative efficacy of different insecticides on rhynchophorus ferrugineus F.(1959) Mathen, K.; Chandy KurianItem Studies on soil conditions in relation to tha "Root" and "Leaf" diseases of the coconut palm in Travancore- Cochin Part VI. The combined water, hygroscopic water, loss on ignition and water-table aspects of coconut soils(1959) Pandalai, K.M.; Menon, K.P.V.; Sankarasubramoney, H.1. The results of studies on some aspects of moisture availability, moisture excess and moisture deficiency as well as water-table of soils in the healthy and diseased areas in relation to the incidence of the root and leaf diseases of the coconut palms have been presented and discussed. 2. A higher percentage of combined water in the healthy areas in sandy, red loam and laterite areas compared to diseased areas (the reverse being the case in the alluvial loams) as well as a higher percentage of hygroscopic moisture in the healthy areas in red loam and laterite were found to be rather characteristic. 3. From the facts that a large proportion of the areas where the disease is prevalent have high water tables, it has to be concluded that water logging of the soil is a prominent factor which predisposes disease conditions in the palms. 4. The need for providing facilities for preventing water logging of coconut soils by securing good drainage conditions and preventing continued water stagnation at the root zone has been emphasised.Item Studies on soil conditions in relation to the "Root" and "Leaf" diseases of the coconut in Travancore- Cochin . Part VII. The mechanical composition of coconut soils of healthy and diseased areas(1959) Pandalai, K.M.; Menon, K.P.V.; Sankarasubramoney, H.1. The results of studies on the mechanical composition of soils from healthy and diseased coconut areas in relation to the root and leaf diseases of the coconut palms have been presented and discussed. 2. The disease appears to be prevalent in all the main soil types on which coconuts are found to grow. Since the results presented do not show any significant differences in the mechanical composition of soils from the two different categories of soils, healthy and diseased although there are slight differences in the different soil types, it would appear that differences in the mechanical composition are not responsible for predisposing conditions for the disease attack. 3. The need, however, for a free working soil with good drainage and free water movement in the soil as well as the presence of higher fine sand, silt and clay fractions and the absence of any impermeable or compact layer or hard pans near the surface soil likely to cause water stagnation etc., has been emphasised for maintaining the palms in good healthy conditionsItem Studies on the anatomical changes in the tissues of the coconut palms affected by wilt (root) disease : I. A note on the changes in the mesophyll(1959) Shanta, P.; Thommen, K.J.; Menon, K.P.V.In the coconut palm, affected by the Wilt (Root) disease, different types of chlorosis of leaves, often accompanied with flaccidity are met with. No change is noticed in the size, shape and arrangement of cells of the mesophyll which is attributed to the comparatively late appearance of chlorosis in mature leaves. However, the chloroplastids are found to be highly affected, the desintegration and degeneration of which result in the partial or complete disappearance of the chlorophyll.Item Breeding in Arecanut(1960) Murthy, K.N.; Bavappa, K.V.A.Item Studies on coconut pollen with reference to the leaf and root (wilt) diseases(1960) Thomas Varkey; Davis, T.A.The number, size, percentage germination etc. of the coconut pollen in relation to the root (wilt) disease were studied at the Central Coconut Research Station, Kayangulam, Kerala. The dry pollen of a healthy coconut palm is ellipsoidal measuring about 66.4 u. by 33.2u and when it gets soaked with water, it assumes a spherical shape measuring about 49.8 along the diameter. However, the pollen from diseased palms measure less. Dimunitive ones and pollen having irregular shape are at their maximum in the case of diseased, trees in the acute condition. Even where the tree produces only a few male flowers on account of its exhaustion due to disease, the flowers were observed to have numerous normal looking pollen grains capable of germination and presumably fertilisation. The percentage of dummy pollen is higher in diseased palms and there is a correlation between the percentage and the stage of infection. It was also seen that the dummy pollen was more in the case of root (wilt) diseased palms than in. the leaf diseased ones of the same stage of infection. It was also seen that the percentage of germination of the pollen dwindles as the tree gets aggravated with the diseases. In the case of very young palms (healthy ones), the percentage germination of pollen was found to be much lower than that of healthy adult palms.Item Cytology and Origin of the Dwarf Coconut Palm(1961) Swaminathan, M.S.; Nambiar, M.C.