Research Articles

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1505 million extra nuts from field bunds
(2007-02-08) Bhaskara Rao, K.B.
A ‘2^7Confounded design' for a manurial experiment on coconut
(1969-04) Davis, T.A.
A mioronutriont-manurial experiment on a factorial 2^7 confounded design was started in 1053 on a 8-hoctaro coconut plantation at the Central Coconut Research Station, Kayangu-lam, Kerala State as an attempt to control the Root (wilt) disease affecting the palms. The micro-nutrients tried were Boron, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Molybdenum, Zinc, as well as Magnesium. Data on the fruit-yield and other morphological characters were recorded on the 384 experimental palms from the inception of the experiment. The fruit-yield data alone upto and inclusive of 1000 were considered for the Analysis of Covariance and the results reported. After 1000, the micro-nutrients were administered directly into the palms in liquid form by a different method. Results of analysis have revealed that the healthy palms did not show any significant response to the application of any of the micro-nutrients. But palms in the early satge of the root (wilt) discard res ponded favourably to the treatment combination of Boron and Iron. However, when applied alone or in combination with Copper, Iron depressed the nut-yield in this category of palms significantly. Severely diseased palms responded very favourably with Magnesium and Molybdenum when applied individually.
Abnormal Stomatal Opening in Coconut Palms Affected with Root (Wilt) Disease
(2007-02-08) Rajagopal, V.; Patil, K.D.; Sumathy Kutty Amma, B.
Studies on the stomatal regulation in the root (wilt) affected coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) revealed that the diseased palms had low stomatal resistance compared to the healthy palms, irrespective of their age. The same trend was observed whether the determinations were made at different times of the day(6 18 h) or under irrigated and unirrigated conditions or in different seasons (dry and wet). Thus, the stomatal regulation was significantly impaired in the diseased palms resulting in excessive water loss compared to the healthy palms. Results arc discussed with the available literature on other similar disease caused by Fungi, bacteria and mycoplasma-like organisms in different plants.
Abnormalities in Arecanut
(1956) Murthy, K.N.; Bavappa, K.V.A.
Abnormalities in arecanut
(1959) Murthy, K.N.; Bavappa, K.V.A.
Absorption, Distribution and Utilization of Radioactive Phosphorus in Healthy and Root (Wilt) Diseased Coconut Palms
(2007-02-08) Snehi Dwivedi, R.; Ray, P.K.; Sunny Ninan
Radioactive KH,PO4 was fed to coconut leaves and palms under laboratory and field conditions. In healthy palms the absorption of phosphorus by roots and Us accumulation In spindle and first fully opened leaves was found to be significantly higher till 9lh hr as compared to that of diseased palms, but at later stages the reverse pattern was observed. The time required for 12P to reach the spindle (top-most leaf) situated at 9.5 m height In both diseased and healthy palm was found to be 3 hr only. In contrast to the leaves, the activity of P differed insignificantly in stem and roots of healthy and diseased palms and also the native P remained higher In the stem and roots of former palms as compared to latter. The analysis of total and different fractions of phosphorus and entry of P in the different forms of organic phosphorus indicated that although total P was more in the case of diseased palms but the organic phosphorus especially the nucleic acid P was significantly less as compared to healthy ones. This revealed less utilization of absorbed P in the synthesis of P-constituted organic substances in diseased palms.
Accumulation of phenolics in leaves of Areca palm affected with yellow leaf disease.
(2007-02-08) Srinivasan, N.
Accumulation of phenylpropanoid derivatives in chitosan-induced cell suspension culture of Cocos nucifera
(ScienceDirect, 2009) Moumita Chakraborty; Anitha Karun; Adinpunya Mitra
Accumulation pattern of oleoresin and related chemical constituents in black pepper (Piper nigrum) berries during growth and development
(2007-02-08) Mathai, C.K.
Activation of defense enzymes in arecanut (Areca catechu L.) seedlings upon inoculation with biocontrol agents
(2009) Kannan, S.; Jose, C.T.
Additional evidence of soil transmission of coconut root (wilt) pathogen
(2007-02-08) Shanta, P.; Gopinathan Pillay, N.; Lal, S.B.
A sap-transmissible pathogen resembling a virus is associated with the root (wilt) disease of coconut. This pathogen is soil borne. Cowpea plants became diseased when grown in infective soil, or in sterilized soil watered with infective leaf or root sap, or in soil to which infected roots were added. Treatment with pcntachloronitrobenzene destroyed infectivity. Air-drying for more than a week or fine grinding do not destroy infectivity. The pathogen perhaps is released through roots of infected plants. Soil water plays a major part in spread of the disease in nature.
Additional fungi associated with leaf rot disease of coconut in India (a research note)
(2007-02-08) Srinivasan, N.; Gunasekaran, M.
Additional hosts of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, infesting coconut palm in South India
(2007-02-08) Sosamma, V.K.; Koshy, P.K.
The hoel atatua of twenty-four specie from sixteen plant families -was teated gainst RadophoJua acnilla. Adenanthera pavqai. Taaoar indue tedica, Vicia faba. Careya arborea, Lagenaru vulgarta, Cucurbita ptoo. Trichoeaathca anguxoa, Fieus reltgtoaa, and Phoeni* dactyUfera were recorded aa hoeta for R. jrunhis. Except for Cucurbita pepo. all are new boat record* for R, aim ilia.
Additions to the list of abnormalities in Arecanut
(1932) Shama Bhat . K
Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Sustainable Production in Coconut
(2011-04) Nair, C.P.R.; Rajan, P.; Namboothiri, C.G.N.
Adulteration in Coconut and Virgin Coconut Oil : Implications and Detection Methods
(2019-11) Pandiselvam, R.; Manikantan, M.R.; Ramesh, S.V.; Shameena Beegum; Mathew, A.C
Adverse effect of neem oil on arecanut fruit setting
(2007-02-08) Vivek R. Bhat
Dakshina Kannada and Kasaragod coastal areca belt has Se^n^^iilmiA^-fbr adverse effect ofneem on arecanut production since 1997. Neem and similar planfBaseapesticides have been used as a prophylactic spray against scale infestation from the day of opening of areca spathe at regular intervals. This comes in the way of natural pollination which otherwise is wind mediated by - (i) making the male flowers not to open or dry up fast, (ii) aggravating the temperature effect and (Hi) mechanically blocking the entry of pollens into the receptive female flowers. An observatory study in the field and in the laboratory comprising three spray liquids viz., two unbranded but in vogue with the farmers (one neem based and the other cashew nut shell liquid based) and another Neemazal (10,000ppm Azadirachtin) from EID Parry (I) Ltd. at three concentrations in a CRD model, has confirmed the negative impact of these pesticides on arecanut pollination. Pollens deposited on the control agar media with no spray solution only germinated and hence thephyto-toxicity on the areca inflorescence is indicated.
Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus isolates pathogenic to coconut insect pests
(2007-02-08) Alka Gupta; Murali Gopal
Aspergillus flavus isolated from naturally infected leaf-eating caterpillar (Opisina arenosella W.), lace bug (Stephanitis typica D.) and plant hopper (Proutista moesta Westwood), insect pests of the coconut palm, were tested for aflatoxin (AT) production by employing various media formulations. These A. flavus isolates were earlier found to be entomopathogenic in laboratory bioassays. A laboratory contaminant and four standard aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates were also included in this study as reference strains. All A. flavus isolates were tested on seven AT detection media: coconut extract agar, coconut extract-sodium desoxycholate agar, coconut extract-ascorbic acid agar, coconut extract-Czapek Dox agar, coconut extract-milk powder agar, 10% commercial coconut milk powder agar (CCMPA) and 20% CCMPA. Only two isolates of A. flavus, originally isolated from O. arenosella and P. moesta, produced ATs. AT production was detected within 48 h of incubation and was detected continually up to 1 month. These AT-producing A. flavus isolates also produced bright yellow pigmentation in the medium. Of all the seven media used for AT detection, CCMPA (10%) was found to be the best one, followed by 20% CCMPA, for direct and rapid AT detection. AT production was not necessary for pathogenicity in the insects.
Age of seedling at transplanting in coconut
(2007-02-08) Satyabalan, K.
The age of coconut seedling at transplanting varies in different countries according to the prevailing practices and other conditions. It depends mainly on the ecological and climatic conditions in different countries and also in the different regions within each country. Young seedlings are planted in light soils like sandy soil, loamy soil, etc. whereas older seedlings are planted in heavy soils with high water table and also in areas which are likely to be affected by cyclones and hurricanes. It is also reported that in the case of older seedling while transplanting shock is greater and chances of mortality higher, the period of immaturity in the field is reduced. Another advantage of planting older seedlings is the lesser cost of maintaining these seedlings in a nursery than managing them in a plantation. In the case of young seedlings, selection on the basis of vigorous growth characters is difficult whereas in the case of older seedlings rigorous selection is possible. Thus there are merits and demerits in the practices followed by farmers in different countries. Research workers on coconut should consider and study all these aspects and recommend suitable practices to the farmers so that the time lag between planting and flowering of the seedlings as a result of transplanting shock is reduced to the minimum which will be of immense benefit to farmers of this economically important perennial crop.
Age-dependent changes in in vivo nitrate reductase activity in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
(2007-02-08) Raju, K.; Rajagopal, V.
Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was studied in the leaves and berries of black pepper during growth and development. The mature leaves from the runner shoots showed higher NRA per leaf than the young leaves, though the latter showed higher activity on unit weight basis. The enzyme activity in the flag leaf opposite to the spikes bearing the berries and in the berry, during its development was investigated. NRA in the berry increased with the time of development while that in the flag leaf declined. The activity in the leaves of runner shoots was found to be high during the day time and negligible during the night.

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