Biological control of insect pests of coconut—A review
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Date
2007-02-08
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Abstract
Oryctes rhinoceros L , Nephanlis serinopa M., Rhynchophorus ferrugineus F., and Leucopholis coneophora B. are the major pests of coconut in India. These insects are attacked by a number of parasites, predators, and microorganisms including nematodes. The most important biological control agents for the control of the black beetle are the indigenous predators Sntalus paralletus P.,Agrypnus (near bifoveatus C), and the exotic reduviid bug Platymeris laevicollis G. The pathogens Mctarrhizium anisopliae (M.) S., Rhabdionvirus oryctes and a nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae D. (DD-136) also show promise. The establishment of the above agents depends very much on the ecological conditions and biotic factors. No biological agent other than Chelisoches mods F. has been reported on red palm weevil in India. The scope of utilizing parasites, predators, and pathogens for the control of the cockchafer is also discussed. The leaf eating slug caterpillars Contheyla rotunda^., Macroplectranararia M.,and Parasa lepidaC. are attacked by bacterial, fungal and insect parasites. Stephanitis typicus D., the suspected vector of the root (wilt) disease of coconut, has a predator in Stethoconus paraefectus D. Mention is made also of parasites obtained on these pests from other countries. A few such examples of Aspidiotus destructor S. (found in India as well), Artona catos-cantha H., Levuana irridiscens B-B, and Promecotheca reichii B. are given. Some of the main problems encountered in their utilization are also pointed out.
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Keywords
biological control, insect pests, coconut pests,
Citation
In: Coconut research and development; proceedings of the international symposium, 1st, CPCRI, Kasaragod, 27-31 Dec. 1976. Edited by N. M. Nayar. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi 1983 p-361-375